Arithmetization-oriented APN permutations

Abstract

Recently, many cryptographic primitives such as homomorphic encryption (HE), multi-party computation (MPC) and zero-knowledge (ZK) protocols have been proposed in the literature which operate on the prime field \({\mathbb {F}}_p\) for some large prime p. Primitives that are designed using such operations are called arithmetization-oriented primitives. As the concept of arithmetization-oriented primitives is new, a rigorous cryptanalysis of such primitives is yet to be done. In this paper, we investigate arithmetization-oriented APN functions. More precisely, we investigate APN permutations in the CCZ-classes of known families of APN power functions over the prime field \({\mathbb {F}}_p\). Moreover, we present a class of binomial permutation having differential uniformity at most 5 defined via the quadratic character over finite fields of odd characteristic. Computationally it is confirmed that the latter family contains new APN permutations for some small parameters. We conjecture it to contain an infinite subfamily of APN permutations.