Association between dietary patterns and glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus patients

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Atencion Primaria Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103075

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Abstract

Objective

To assess the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Site

The 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Participants

A total of 1646 T2DM patients were included, of whom 854 were hyperglycemia.

Methods

Main dietary patterns were identified using the sparse principal components analysis (SPCA). Logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between each dietary pattern and the risk of hyperglycemia with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). SPCA analysis yielded five significant principal components (PC), which represented five main dietary patterns.

Results

PC1, characterized by a high intake of sweets, red meat and processed meat, was associated with higher odds of hyperglycemia in patients who underwent hyperglycemic drug or insulin treatments (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.10–2.64). PC5, characterized by high in red meat, while low in coffee, sweets, and high-fat dairy consumption. The relationship between the PC5 and hyperglycemia was marginal significance (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.38–1.02). PC2 was characterized by a high consumption of green vegetables, other vegetables, and whole grains, and low intake of potatoes and processed meat. In patients with the hyperglycemic drug and insulin free, higher PC2 levels were related to lower odds of hyperglycemia (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.96).

Conclusions

High intake of sweets, red meat, and processed meat might be detrimental to glycemic control in patients with drug-treated T2DM. High in red meat, while low in coffee, sweets, and high-fat dairy consumption may be beneficial to glycemic control. In addition, high consumption of green vegetables, other vegetables, and whole grains, and low intake of potatoes and processed meat may be good for glycemic control in patients without drug-treated T2DM.

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II 型糖尿病患者的饮食模式与血糖控制之间的关系

目的评估II型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的膳食模式与血糖控制之间的关系。方法采用稀疏主成分分析（SPCA）确定主要膳食模式。采用逻辑回归分析研究每种饮食模式与高血糖风险之间的关系，并得出几率比（OR）和 95% 的置信区间（CI）。结果 PC1 的特点是甜食、红肉和加工肉类摄入量高，与接受高血糖药物或胰岛素治疗的患者发生高血糖的几率较高相关（OR：1.71，95% CI：1.10-2.64）。PC5 的特点是多吃红肉，而少喝咖啡、甜食和高脂乳制品。PC5 与高血糖之间的关系微乎其微（OR：0.63，95% CI：0.38-1.02）。PC2 的特点是多吃绿色蔬菜、其他蔬菜和全谷物，少吃土豆和加工肉类。结论甜食、红肉和加工肉类的高摄入量可能不利于药物治疗的 T2DM 患者的血糖控制。多吃红肉，少喝咖啡、甜食和高脂乳制品可能有利于血糖控制。此外，多吃绿色蔬菜、其他蔬菜和全谷物，少吃马铃薯和加工肉类可能有利于未接受药物治疗的 T2DM 患者的血糖控制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atencion Primaria 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

156

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Atención Primaria es una revista que publica trabajos de investigación relativos al ámbito de la atención primaria de salud. Desde el punto de vista conceptual, Atención Primaria asume el nuevo modelo de atención primaria de salud, orientado no sólo a la curación de la enfermedad, sino también a su prevención y a la promoción de la salud, tanto en el plano individual como en el de la familia y la comunidad. En estos nuevos aspectos que definen el modelo de atención primaria de salud es en los que se centran los trabajos de investigación que publica Atención Primaria, la primera revista de originales española creada para recoger y difundir la producción científica realizada desde los centros de atención primaria de salud sobre cuestiones como protocolización de la asistencia, programas de prevención, seguimiento y control de pacientes crónicos, organización y gestión de la asistencia primaria, entre otros.