Role of Plasma Exchange and Combining Therapies in Dengue-Associated Acute Liver Failure: A Systematic Review of Individual Cases

Abstract

Background/Aims

Dengue-associated acute liver failure (ALF) poses a significant risk for mortality, especially in regions lacking access to liver transplantation. Although Plasma Exchange (PLEX) is recognized as a potential therapeutic intervention for dengue-associated ALF, data on its efficacy remain limited. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively examine the literature on PLEX and other combination therapies for dengue-associated ALF. It focused on assessing their effectiveness, safety profile, and potential implications for therapeutic interventions.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of PLEX and other combination therapies in patients with dengue-associated ALF. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria were used to search the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published in English between 2019 and May 2024 were included. The titles and abstracts were reviewed for discrepancies, and any differences were resolved through discussion.

Results

Among the 713 studies assessed for review, 9 met the eligibility criteria. Studies have demonstrated that PLEX, both alone and in combination with other therapies, such as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), improves liver function, survival rates, and neurological outcomes in patients with dengue virus. Both high- and low-volume plasma exchanges were effective.

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights the beneficial role of PLEX and the potential benefits of combination therapies in the treatment of rare and severe forms of dengue-associated ALF. However, given the limited sample sizes and the necessity for well-designed studies, further investigations are needed to determine the optimal volume of PLEX and the efficacy of additional therapeutic strategies.