Precipitation-elevation relationship: Non-linearity and space–time variability prevail in the Swiss Alps

IF 3.1 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Hydrology X Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.hydroa.2024.100186
Lionel Benoit , Erwan Koch , Nadav Peleg , Gregoire Mariethoz
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Abstract

The relationship between mean daily precipitation and elevation is often regarded as linear and positive, resulting in simple “precipitation lapse rate” equations frequently employed to extrapolate daily rainfall from a single weather station over a large area. We examine the precipitation-elevation relationship in the Swiss Alps using a combination of weather radar and rain gauge data to test this common assumption, challenging it by fitting a two-segment piecewise linear model with a mid-slope break-point as an alternative. By examining data stratified by catchment, season, and weather type, we assess the space–time variability of the precipitation-elevation relationship. We conclude that a non-linear and non-stationary model seems necessary to capture the variability of the observed precipitation-elevation relationship. Based on our findings, we suggest that the simplified precipitation lapse rate concept is misleading and should be reconsidered in hydrological applications, emphasizing the need for a more realistic representation of precipitation variability over time and space.

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降水与海拔的关系:瑞士阿尔卑斯山的非线性和时空变异性普遍存在
平均日降水量与海拔高度之间的关系通常被认为是线性和正相关的,因此经常使用简单的 "降水失效率 "方程来推断单个气象站在大范围内的日降水量。我们结合气象雷达和雨量计数据研究了瑞士阿尔卑斯山的降水量与海拔高度之间的关系,以检验这一常见假设。通过研究按流域、季节和天气类型分层的数据,我们评估了降水-海拔关系的时空变异性。我们得出的结论是,要捕捉观测到的降水-海拔关系的变异性,似乎需要一个非线性和非稳态模型。根据我们的研究结果,我们认为简化的降水失效率概念具有误导性,应在水文应用中重新考虑,并强调需要更真实地反映降水在时间和空间上的变化。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydrology X
Journal of Hydrology X Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
20
审稿时长
25 weeks
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