Various additives for improving the performances of solidified forms of radioactive wastes by cementation technology: Recent advances and perspectives

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nuclear Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113595

Lei Chen , Junfeng Li , Jianlong Wang

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Abstract

The additives are crucial for improving the performance of the solidified forms of radioactive wastes by cementation technology. This paper reviewed the recent research advances in improving the cement and waste solidification performances using various additives, including the traditional pozzolanic active substances, biochar, fibers, nanomaterials and water reducer. The enhanced effect of various additives on the compressive strength, flexural strength, and nuclide leaching resistance, which belong to the performance requirements of the radioactive waste cement solidified forms, was summarized and analyzed. Silica fume, slag and fly ash can provide higher compressive strength, while zeolite, metakaolin, bentonite and activated carbon can reduce nuclide leaching. Fibers can significantly increase the flexural strength. Nanomaterials can provide superior mechanical properties, but currently there is little research and application in the waste cementation field. The water reducer can provide the necessary fluidity for the above multiple cement-based mixed materials. This review will deepen the understanding of solidification of radioactive waste and provide references for specific cementation formulations.

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通过胶结技术改善放射性废物固化形式性能的各种添加剂：最新进展和前景

添加剂对于利用固结技术改善放射性废物固化形式的性能至关重要。本文综述了近年来利用各种添加剂改善水泥和废物固化性能的研究进展，包括传统的胶凝活性物质、生物炭、纤维、纳米材料和减水剂。总结分析了各种添加剂对放射性废物水泥固化形式性能要求中的抗压强度、抗折强度和抗核素浸出性能的增强作用。硅灰、矿渣和粉煤灰可提供较高的抗压强度，而沸石、偏高岭土、膨润土和活性炭则可减少核素沥滤。纤维可大大提高抗折强度。纳米材料可提供卓越的机械性能，但目前在废物固化领域的研究和应用还很少。减水剂可为上述多种水泥基混合材料提供必要的流动性。本综述将加深对放射性废物固化的理解，并为具体的固化配方提供参考。

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来源期刊

Nuclear Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

377

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Nuclear Engineering and Design covers the wide range of disciplines involved in the engineering, design, safety and construction of nuclear fission reactors. The Editors welcome papers both on applied and innovative aspects and developments in nuclear science and technology. Fundamentals of Reactor Design include: • Thermal-Hydraulics and Core Physics • Safety Analysis, Risk Assessment (PSA) • Structural and Mechanical Engineering • Materials Science • Fuel Behavior and Design • Structural Plant Design • Engineering of Reactor Components • Experiments Aspects beyond fundamentals of Reactor Design covered: • Accident Mitigation Measures • Reactor Control Systems • Licensing Issues • Safeguard Engineering • Economy of Plants • Reprocessing / Waste Disposal • Applications of Nuclear Energy • Maintenance • Decommissioning Papers on new reactor ideas and developments (Generation IV reactors) such as inherently safe modular HTRs, High Performance LWRs/HWRs and LMFBs/GFR will be considered; Actinide Burners, Accelerator Driven Systems, Energy Amplifiers and other special designs of power and research reactors and their applications are also encouraged.