Effects of adding metals to Beta zeolite on ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons

IF 5.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Catalysis Today Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.cattod.2024.115048

Roberta de Souza Costa, Raquel Massad Cavalcante, Mônica Antunes Pereira da Silva

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Beta zeolite ion exchange with Fe, Zn, and Co on ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons. Various characterization techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), magic angle rotation nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (MAS NMR) of ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen physisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed. Catalytic tests were performed at temperatures from 475 to 550 °C under ambient pressure. The metal addition to Beta zeolite reduced micropore area and volume, decreased the concentration of the extra-framework aluminum, and increased total acid site density and Lewis acid sites, except for Fe. For all catalysts, ethylene was identified as the primary product. However, catalysts containing Zn and Co displayed the formation of propylene and C1 to C3 paraffins. The catalyst with Fe exhibited the highest deactivation and a significant decrease in acidity, attributed to the formation of extra-framework aluminum, resulting in exclusive ethylene production.

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在 Beta 沸石中添加金属对乙醇转化为碳氢化合物的影响

本研究调查了 Beta 沸石与铁、锌和钴的离子交换对乙醇转化为碳氢化合物的影响。研究采用了多种表征技术，如 X 射线荧光 (XRF)、电感耦合等离子体光发射光谱 (ICP-OES)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、29Si 和 27Al 的魔角旋转核磁共振谱 (MASNMR)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、氮气物理吸附、氨气温度编程解吸 (NH3-TPD) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)。催化测试在 475 至 550 °C 的温度和环境压力下进行。Beta 沸石中添加的金属减少了微孔面积和体积，降低了框架外铝的浓度，增加了总酸位点密度和路易斯酸位点（铁除外）。所有催化剂的主要产物都是乙烯。然而，含 Zn 和 Co 的催化剂则生成了丙烯和 C1 至 C3 石蜡。含铁的催化剂失活率最高，酸度显著下降，原因是形成了框架外铝，从而导致乙烯的唯一生成。

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来源期刊

Catalysis Today 化学-工程：化工

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

3.80%

发文量

573

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Catalysis Today focuses on the rapid publication of original invited papers devoted to currently important topics in catalysis and related subjects. The journal only publishes special issues (Proposing a Catalysis Today Special Issue), each of which is supervised by Guest Editors who recruit individual papers and oversee the peer review process. Catalysis Today offers researchers in the field of catalysis in-depth overviews of topical issues. Both fundamental and applied aspects of catalysis are covered. Subjects such as catalysis of immobilized organometallic and biocatalytic systems are welcome. Subjects related to catalysis such as experimental techniques, adsorption, process technology, synthesis, in situ characterization, computational, theoretical modeling, imaging and others are included if there is a clear relationship to catalysis.