Role of groundwater systems in fulfilling sustainable development goals: A focus on SDG6 and SDG13

Abstract

This study examines the critical role of groundwater in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly focusing on SDG6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG13 (Climate Action). The review elucidates the interconnected challenges faced by groundwater systems, including contamination, climate change, and over-extraction, and underscores innovative solutions, i.e., energy-efficient technologies, aquifer recharge, and sustainable management practices. The study analyses case studies from countries like the United Kingdom, USA, India, Germany, China, Australia, and the Netherlands, with a focus on successful integration of groundwater management into SDG fulfillment strategies. It recommends enhanced groundwater data and modeling, improved governance, participatory management, and the adoption of nature-based solutions to ensure groundwater sustainability. This study contributes to the discourse on water security, emphasising the pivotal role of groundwater in fulfilling global sustainability agendas and fostering resilient communities against climate variability.