Considerations for the Use of the DNA Damage Marker γ-H2AX in Disease Modeling, Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis

Aging and cancer Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1002/aac2.12074

Holly Hosking, Wayne Pederick, Paul Neilsen, Andrew Fenning

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Abstract

Background

DNA double-strand breaks are known to be the most lethal kind of DNA damage as they cause genomic instability. Visualization and quantification of these breaks are possible via staining of the phosphorylated histone H2A variant H2AX at serine 139 with the anti-phospho-histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) antibody.

Methods

The literature was searched with the following keywords: DNA damage, double-strand break, PBMC, DNA repair, H2AX, γ-H2AX.

Discussion

This review discusses various methods for the quantification of γ-H2AX and the use of γ-H2AX in cell culture, tissue biopsies, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The current research into basal DNA damage as quantified by γ-H2AX is discussed in relation to cancer.

Conclusions

This review suggests that γ-H2AX has the potential for use in the prediction of cancer risk when applied to healthy tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

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在疾病建模、检测、诊断和预后中使用 DNA 损伤标记物 γ-H2AX 的注意事项

背景众所周知，DNA 双链断裂是最致命的一种 DNA 损伤，因为它们会导致基因组不稳定。用抗磷酸组蛋白 H2AX（γ-H2AX）抗体对丝氨酸 139 处磷酸化的组蛋白 H2A 变体 H2AX 进行染色，可观察和量化这些断裂。方法以下列关键词搜索文献：DNA损伤、双链断裂、PBMC、DNA修复、H2AX、γ-H2AX。讨论本综述讨论了γ-H2AX 的各种定量方法以及γ-H2AX 在细胞培养、组织活检和外周血单核细胞中的应用。还讨论了目前通过 γ-H2AX 定量的基础 DNA 损伤与癌症的关系。结论本综述表明，γ-H2AX 有可能用于健康组织和外周血单核细胞的癌症风险预测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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