Manipulating d-Band Center of Nickel by Single-Iodine-Atom Strategy for Boosted Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

Ni-based electrocatalysts have been predicted as highly potential candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); however, their applicability is hindered by an unfavorable d-band energy level (E_d). Moreover, precise d-band structural engineering of Ni-based materials is deterred by appropriative synthesis methods and experimental characterization. Herein, we meticulously synthesize a special single-iodine-atom structure (I–Ni@C) and characterize the E_d manipulation via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy to fill this gap. The complex catalytic mechanism has been elucidated via synchrotron radiation-based multitechniques (SRMS) including X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), in situ synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS). In particular, RIXS is innovatively applied to reveal the precise regulation of Ni E_d of I–Ni@C. Consequently, the role of such single-iodine-atom strategy is confirmed to not only facilitate the moderate E_d of the Ni site for balancing the adsorption/desorption capacities of key intermediates but also act as a bridge to enhance the electronic interaction between Ni and the carbon shell for forming a localized polarized electric field conducive to H₂O dissociation. As a result, I–Ni@C exhibits an enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution performance with an overpotential of 78 mV at 10 mA/cm² and superior stability, surpassing the majority of the reported Ni-based catalysts. Overall, this study has managed to successfully tailor the d-band center of materials from the SRMS perspective, which has crucial implications for nanotechnology, chemistry, catalysis, and other fields.