Olfaction and thyroid hormones in patients with subjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s00508-024-02431-4

Sania Nasserzare, Johann Lehrner

{"title":"Olfaction and thyroid hormones in patients with subjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic and amnestic mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Sania Nasserzare, Johann Lehrner","doi":"10.1007/s00508-024-02431-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Thyroid hormones may affect olfaction in different stages of cognitive impairment: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, biometric parameters, depression, and neuropsychological performance are considered as possible influencing factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Design and patients</h3><p>A retrospective single-center data analysis was conducted during the observation period 2001–2023, with <i>n</i> = 495 (52.3% female) SCD, naMCI and aMCI subjects, aged ≥50 years, at the General Hospital of Vienna.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Measurements</h3><p>The criterion olfactory function was objectively measured by Sniffin’ Sticks© odor identification and subjectively through the Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning test. Serum thyroid hormone levels, mainly thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as T3, T4, fT3, and fT4, were used to assess thyroid function. Statistical analyses using IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 covered adjusted multiple linear regression models with hierarchical blocks to predict olfactory performance considering β‑weights.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Of the study participants, 4.2% had hypothyroidism and 2.4% had hyperthyroidism. The majority exhibited normal thyroid function. One third (33.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 29.4–37.0%) were hyposmic. The results indicate no substantial association between thyroid and olfactory functions. Increasing age (β = 0.20), lower performance in the Neuropsychological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) dimensions verbal memory (β = −0.33) and attention (β = −0.12) appear to be risk factors for lower olfaction. A discrepancy between subjective and objective olfaction was found.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Thyroid and olfactory functions had no substantial relationship. Higher fT4 correlated weakly with lower odor identification. Increasing age and decreased performance in two out of six NTBV dimensions are relevant prognostic factors for olfactory dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23861,"journal":{"name":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02431-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Thyroid hormones may affect olfaction in different stages of cognitive impairment: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, biometric parameters, depression, and neuropsychological performance are considered as possible influencing factors.

Design and patients

A retrospective single-center data analysis was conducted during the observation period 2001–2023, with n = 495 (52.3% female) SCD, naMCI and aMCI subjects, aged ≥50 years, at the General Hospital of Vienna.

Measurements

The criterion olfactory function was objectively measured by Sniffin’ Sticks© odor identification and subjectively through the Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning test. Serum thyroid hormone levels, mainly thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as T3, T4, fT3, and fT4, were used to assess thyroid function. Statistical analyses using IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 covered adjusted multiple linear regression models with hierarchical blocks to predict olfactory performance considering β‑weights.

Results

Of the study participants, 4.2% had hypothyroidism and 2.4% had hyperthyroidism. The majority exhibited normal thyroid function. One third (33.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 29.4–37.0%) were hyposmic. The results indicate no substantial association between thyroid and olfactory functions. Increasing age (β = 0.20), lower performance in the Neuropsychological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) dimensions verbal memory (β = −0.33) and attention (β = −0.12) appear to be risk factors for lower olfaction. A discrepancy between subjective and objective olfaction was found.

Conclusion

Thyroid and olfactory functions had no substantial relationship. Higher fT4 correlated weakly with lower odor identification. Increasing age and decreased performance in two out of six NTBV dimensions are relevant prognostic factors for olfactory dysfunction.

Abstract Image

查看原文

微信好友朋友圈 QQ好友复制链接

本刊更多论文

主观认知功能减退、非症状性和症状性轻度认知障碍患者的嗅觉和甲状腺激素

背景甲状腺激素可能会影响认知障碍不同阶段的嗅觉：主观认知功能减退（SCD）、非症状性轻度认知障碍（naMCI）和症状性轻度认知障碍（aMCI）。此外，生物计量参数、抑郁和神经心理学表现也被认为是可能的影响因素。设计与患者在 2001-2023 年的观察期内，对维也纳总医院的 495 名（52.3% 为女性）年龄≥50 岁的 SCD、naMCI 和 aMCI 受试者进行了回顾性单中心数据分析。血清甲状腺激素水平（主要是促甲状腺激素）以及 T3、T4、fT3 和 fT4 用于评估甲状腺功能。使用 IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 进行统计分析，采用分层块调整多元线性回归模型预测嗅觉表现，并考虑到 β 权重。大多数人的甲状腺功能正常。三分之一（33.5%；95% 置信区间，CI 29.4-37.0%）的人甲状腺功能低下。结果表明，甲状腺和嗅觉功能之间没有实质性的联系。年龄的增加（β = 0.20）、维也纳神经心理测试（NTBV）维度言语记忆（β = -0.33）和注意力（β = -0.12）表现较差似乎是导致嗅觉减退的危险因素。结论甲状腺和嗅觉功能没有实质性的关系。较高的 fT4 与较低的气味识别能力呈弱相关。年龄的增加和NTBV六个维度中两个维度表现的下降是嗅觉功能障碍的相关预后因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文去求助

来源期刊

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

110

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The Wiener klinische Wochenschrift - The Central European Journal of Medicine - is an international scientific medical journal covering the entire spectrum of clinical medicine and related areas such as ethics in medicine, public health and the history of medicine. In addition to original articles, the Journal features editorials and leading articles on newly emerging topics, review articles, case reports and a broad range of special articles. Experimental material will be considered for publication if it is directly relevant to clinical medicine. The number of international contributions has been steadily increasing. Consequently, the international reputation of the journal has grown in the past several years. Founded in 1888, the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift - The Central European Journal of Medicine - is certainly one of the most prestigious medical journals in the world and takes pride in having been the first publisher of landmarks in medicine.