Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract

Background Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiogenic shock (CS) are an extremely high-risk population with a poor prognosis in the absence of definitive therapy. Aims To compare the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgical AVR (SAVR) in patients with AS-CS. Methods We queried the Nationwide Readmission Database (2016-2021) to identify patients hospitalized for AS-CS who underwent isolated TAVR or SAVR. In-hospital outcomes of TAVR vs SAVR were compared using multivariable regression and propensity-matching analyses. Ninety-day readmissions were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Of 16,072 patients hospitalized for AS-CS, 6,381 (39.7%) underwent isolated TAVR, and 9,691 (60.3%) underwent isolated SAVR. From 2016 through 2021, the proportion of TAVR increased from 29.5% to 46.5% and the proportion of SAVR correspondingly decreased in AS-CS (ptrend<0.01). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, TAVR was associated with lower odds of stroke (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.79), acute kidney injury (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.92), and major bleeding (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.72) and higher odds of vascular complications (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22-1.96) compared with SAVR. In-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, permanent pacemaker placement, and 90-day all-cause and heart failure readmissions were similar. Length of stay was shorter and total costs and nonhome discharges were lower with TAVR. Conclusions This nationwide observational analysis showed that TAVR is increasingly performed in patients with AS-CS and is associated with similar in-hospital mortality and 90-day readmissions, but lower in-hospital complications and resource utilization compared with SAVR.