Moderating Effect of Innovation Strategy on Learning-by-Exporting: A Cross-Country Study

IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1007/s11293-024-09806-y

Ruohan Wu

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Abstract

This paper empirically examines the learning-by-exporting theory from a new angle: how firms innovate. Two different innovation strategies are studied. One is independent innovation if a firm conducts in-house research and development activities on its own and the other is spillover innovation if a firm adopts external technologies and knowledge from the others. Global firm-level data were acquired from the latest 2017–19 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey. The learning-by-exporting effect is interpreted as a positive effect of firms’ exports on their productivity, which is estimated semi-parametrically. After implementing a three-step estimation method that addresses endogeneity, the learning-by-exporting effect was found to be importantly subject to firms’ innovation strategies. Learning-by-exporting can only be significantly and robustly detected among firms with spillover innovation, whereas exports cannot always enhance independent innovators’ performance. Further heterogeneity tests support this finding. This paper suggests that the learning-by-exporting effect is essentially a technology spillover process, and it highlights the importance of both independent and spillover innovation that must be implemented and regulated properly.

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创新战略对出口学习的调节作用：跨国研究

本文从企业如何创新这一新角度对出口学习理论进行了实证研究。本文研究了两种不同的创新战略。一种是企业自行开展内部研发活动的自主创新，另一种是企业采用外部技术和知识的外溢创新。全球企业层面的数据来自最新的2017-19年商业环境和企业绩效调查。出口学习效应被解释为企业出口对其生产率的正向影响，该效应采用半参数估计法。在采用三步估计法解决内生性问题后，发现出口学习效应与企业的创新战略密切相关。只有在具有外溢创新的企业中才能显著且稳健地检测到出口学习效应，而出口并不总是能提高独立创新者的绩效。进一步的异质性检验也支持这一结论。本文认为，出口学习效应本质上是一个技术溢出过程，并强调了自主创新和溢出创新的重要性，必须妥善实施和监管。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ATLANTIC ECONOMIC JOURNAL ECONOMICS-

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Atlantic Economic Journal (AEJ) has an international reputation for excellent articles in all interest areas, without regard to fields or methodological preferences. Founded in 1973 by the International Atlantic Economic Society, a need was identified for increased communication among scholars from different countries. For over 30 years, the AEJ has continuously sought articles that traced some of the most critical economic changes and developments to occur on the global level. The journal''s goal is to facilitate and synthesize economic research across nations to encourage cross-fertilization of ideas and scholarly research. Contributors include some of the world''s most respected economists and financial specialists, including Nobel laureates and leading government officials. AEJ welcomes both theoretical and empirical articles, as well as public policy papers. All manuscripts are submitted to a double-blind peer review process. In addition to formal publication of full-length articles, the AEJ provides an opportunity for less formal communication through its Anthology section. A small point may not be worthy of a full-length, formal paper but is important enough to warrant dissemination to other researchers. Research in progress may be of interest to other scholars in the field. A research approach ending in negative results needs to be shared to save others similar pitfalls. The Anthology section has been established to facilitate these forms of communication. Anthologies provide a means by which short manuscripts of less than 500 words can quickly appear in the AEJ. All submissions are formally reviewed by the Board of Editors. Officially cited as: Atl Econ J