Investigating the Potential of LS 5039 as a Triple System Using Fermi-LAT Data

Lujun Zeng, Mengqing Zhang, Chongyang Ren, Pengfei Zhang, Jingzhi Yan
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Abstract

LS 5039 is one of a handful of $\gamma$-ray binary systems in the Milky Way, comprising a pulsar and a massive O-type companion star with an orbital period of 3.9 day. Recently, we conducted a data analysis using approximately 16 year of Fermi-LAT observations, spanning from 2008 August 4 to 2024 July 8. In our timing analysis, we discovered two new periodic signals with frequencies higher and lower than the known orbital period. The higher-frequency signal has a period of 3.63819 day with a 7.1$\sigma$ confidence level, while the lower-frequency signal has a period of 4.21654 day with a 6.3$\sigma$ confidence level. Additionally, in data from the High Energy Stereoscopic System of Cherenkov Telescopes, two potential signals with periods similar to the two newly discovered ones. Considering that these two signals fall within the same frequency interval as the orbital period, we suggest the possibility of a third body orbiting the barycenter of the LS 5039 binary system, with the new periodic signals arising from specific frequency combinations of the two orbital periods.
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利用费米-LAT 数据研究 LS 5039 作为三重系统的潜力
LS 5039是银河系中少数几个伽马射线双星系统之一,由一颗脉冲星和一颗大质量O型伴星组成,轨道周期为3.9天。最近,我们利用费米-LAT从2008年8月4日到2024年7月8日大约16年的观测数据进行了数据分析。 在我们的定时分析中,我们发现了两个新的周期信号,其频率比已知的轨道周期要高和低。高频信号的周期为3.63819天,置信度为7.1;低频信号的周期为4.21654天,置信度为6.3。此外,在切伦科夫望远镜高能立体系统的数据中,有两个潜在信号的周期与新发现的两个信号相似。考虑到这两个信号的频率间隔与轨道周期的频率间隔相同,我们认为LS 5039双星系统的双子中心可能有第三个天体在环绕运行,新的周期信号来自两个轨道周期的特定频率组合。
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