Frontiers | A HOLOCENE FIRE HISTORY FROM TERRA NOVA NATIONAL PARK, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA: Vegetation and Climate Change Both Influenced the Fire Regime

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1419121
Nickolas F. Lake, Andre Arsenault, Les Cwynar
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Abstract

Fire is the largest natural disturbance factor in the boreal forest and plays a critical role in the composition, structure, and succession of stands and landscapes. The island of Newfoundland, located in eastern Canada, is subjected to a greater maritime influence, which may result in longer fire return intervals. The limited data on the fire regime does not account for interactions between fire, vegetation, and climate throughout the Holocene. We used sediment cores from Arnold’s Pond, Terra Nova National Park, which covered the last ~11,800 cal. yr BP, to investigate these interactions. We recognize 4 pollen zones and macroscopic charcoal analysis detected 45 local fire events. The 250-year mean fire return interval associated with the current vegetation is longer than a previous estimate for the park, but significantly shorter than other estimates for the island. Our mean fire return interval is within the range of fire estimates from Québec with similar vegetation. Our results suggest that the fire regime was primarily influenced by vegetation and climate. The transition to an open forest from a shrub tundra resulted in increased fire activity and fire frequency, which were likely driven by additional fuel on the landscape, but could have also been influenced by unknown climatic factors. We identified several examples of changes in the fire frequencies and/or charcoal accumulation that coincided with regional climate shifts, but we also identified a non-synchronous change. The non-synchronous shift to drier conditions resulted in a ~500-year time lag between peak Pinus strobus abundance and maximum fire frequency. Synchronous shifts in fire activity and/or fire frequency coincided with the 8200 event, Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age. We also noted a decrease in fire frequency between 2600–1500 cal. yr BP that coincided with similar changes in the fire frequency from ~3000–1000 cal. yr BP in Québec. Our study highlights the complex interactions influencing the fire regime in our study area during the Holocene.
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加拿大纽芬兰特拉诺瓦国家公园全新世火灾史:植被和气候变化都影响了火灾机制
火灾是北方森林中最大的自然干扰因素,对林分和地貌的组成、结构和演替起着至关重要的作用。纽芬兰岛位于加拿大东部,受海洋影响较大,可能导致火灾发生的间隔时间较长。有关火灾机制的数据有限,无法解释整个全新世火灾、植被和气候之间的相互作用。我们利用 Terra Nova 国家公园 Arnold's Pond 的沉积物岩芯研究了这些相互作用。我们确认了 4 个花粉区,并通过宏观木炭分析发现了 45 次当地火灾事件。与当前植被相关的 250 年平均火灾重现间隔长于之前对该公园的估计,但明显短于对该岛的其他估计。我们的平均火灾发生间隔在魁北克省类似植被的火灾估计范围之内。我们的结果表明,火灾机制主要受植被和气候的影响。从灌木苔原过渡到开阔森林导致火灾活动和火灾频率增加,这很可能是由于地貌上增加了燃料,但也可能受到未知气候因素的影响。我们发现了一些火灾频率和/或木炭积累的变化与区域气候变化相吻合的例子,但我们也发现了一种非同步变化。向更干旱条件的非同步变化导致松柏丰度峰值与最大火灾频率之间存在约 500 年的时间差。火灾活动和/或火灾频率的同步变化与 8200 事件、中世纪气候异常和小冰河时期相吻合。我们还注意到,公元前 2600-1500 年之间火灾频率的下降与魁北克公元前约 3000-1000 年火灾频率的类似变化相吻合。我们的研究强调了影响我们研究地区全新世火灾机制的复杂相互作用。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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