Factors Associated With Persisting Olfactory Dysfunction After COVID-19

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY Clinical Otolaryngology Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI:10.1111/coa.14233

Bernhard Prem, David T. Liu, Katharina Boehme, Mia T. Maurer, Bertold Renner, Christian A. Mueller

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Abstract

Background

Fortunately, the majority of COVID-19 patients recover from olfactory dysfunction (OD) within the first couple of weeks. However, from approximately 5% up to 20% continue to suffer from OD even more than 1 year after the onset. Nonetheless, factors associated with long-lasting OD are hardly known. The aim of this study was to identify favourable and disadvantageous markers of persisting OD in COVID-19 patients.

Methodology

Sixty-six patients (46 female; mean age: 39.9 years) that suffer from OD longer than 6 months due to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection have participated in this longitudinal study. Participants completed comprehensive psychophysical chemosensory tests (i.e., Sniffin' Sticks = TDI) and questionnaires twice at our department—on average 219 ± 80 (T-1) and 489 ± 89 (T-2) days after the onset of symptoms, respectively. Olfactory recovery rates were associated with demographic factors and questionnaires using linear regression analysis.

Results

Patients below 40 years of age improved better (TDI: 4.1 ± 4.3 vs. 0.7 ± 5.8; p = 0.008) and achieved statistically significant higher scores (TDI: 31.5 ± 4.0 vs. 27.3 ± 6.7; p = 0.033) regarding psychophysical chemosensory tests. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed that parosmia was associated with worse orthonasal smell function (T-1: β = −0.346, p = 0.004; T-2: β = −0.384, p = 0.001), especially concerning identification subtest (T-1: β = −0.395, p = 0.001; T-2: β = −0.398, p < 0.001). Moreover, increasing parosmia between T-1and T-2 led to worse orthonasal olfactory function (β = −0.294, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

Older age and parosmia seem to be unfavourable factors of persisting OD in COVID-19 patients.

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COVID-19 后持续嗅觉障碍的相关因素

背景：幸运的是，大多数 COVID-19 患者都能在最初几周内从嗅觉障碍（OD）中恢复过来。然而，约有 5%至 20% 的患者在发病 1 年后仍会继续受到嗅觉障碍的困扰。尽管如此，与持久性嗅觉障碍相关的因素却鲜为人知。本研究旨在确定 COVID-19 患者持续 OD 的有利和不利标记：66名患者（46名女性；平均年龄：39.9岁）参加了这项纵向研究，这些患者因实验室确诊的SARS-CoV-2感染而患OD超过6个月。参与者在本部门完成了两次全面的心理物理化学感觉测试（即嗅棒 = TDI）和问卷调查，平均分别为发病后 219 ± 80 天（T-1）和 489 ± 89 天（T-2）。采用线性回归分析法将嗅觉恢复率与人口统计学因素和问卷调查联系起来：结果：40 岁以下患者的病情改善较好（TDI：4.1 ± 4.3 vs. 0.7 ± 5.8；p = 0.008），在心理物理化学感觉测试中得分明显更高（TDI：31.5 ± 4.0 vs. 27.3 ± 6.7；p = 0.033）。此外，线性回归分析表明，副嗅觉症与正鼻嗅觉功能较差有关（T-1：β = -0.346，p = 0.004；T-2：β = -0.384，p = 0.001），尤其是在识别子测试方面（T-1：β = -0.395，p = 0.001；T-2：β = -0.398，p 结论：副嗅觉症与正鼻嗅觉功能较差有关（T-1：β = -0.346，p = 0.004；T-2：β = -0.384，p = 0.001）：年龄偏大和副渗出似乎是 COVID-19 患者持续 OD 的不利因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Otolaryngology 医学-耳鼻喉科学

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

106

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical Otolaryngology is a bimonthly journal devoted to clinically-oriented research papers of the highest scientific standards dealing with: current otorhinolaryngological practice audiology, otology, balance, rhinology, larynx, voice and paediatric ORL head and neck oncology head and neck plastic and reconstructive surgery continuing medical education and ORL training The emphasis is on high quality new work in the clinical field and on fresh, original research. Each issue begins with an editorial expressing the personal opinions of an individual with a particular knowledge of a chosen subject. The main body of each issue is then devoted to original papers carrying important results for those working in the field. In addition, topical review articles are published discussing a particular subject in depth, including not only the opinions of the author but also any controversies surrounding the subject. • Negative/null results In order for research to advance, negative results, which often make a valuable contribution to the field, should be published. However, articles containing negative or null results are frequently not considered for publication or rejected by journals. We welcome papers of this kind, where appropriate and valid power calculations are included that give confidence that a negative result can be relied upon.