{"title":"Death due to unrecognized intoxication of nifedipine in an adult.","authors":"Prasanna Appuhamy, Siddihalu Lakshitha Madunil","doi":"10.1007/s11419-024-00704-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diagnosis of drug intoxication in the medico-legal autopsy is challenging due to many factors such as non-specific clinical features and non-specific, inconclusive autopsy findings, etc. Thus, deaths due to drug intoxication can be misclassified in a low-resource setting where post-mortem toxicology testing is selective. The paper presents a fatal case of unrecognized nifedipine intoxication in an adult where the manner of death was undetermined after extensive investigation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The liquid-liquid extraction using chloroform was carried out on a blood sample spiked with nifedipine. Subsequently, the post-mortem blood sample was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron ionization technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient before death had symptoms, such as trismus, vomiting, and dizziness. The initial blood pressure and pulse rate were 94/56 mm Hg and 110 beats per minute, respectively. The respiratory rate was 20 breaths per minute. The post-mortem examination revealed no pathological changes or injuries in any organs. Upon histopathological examination, no significant findings that could have led to death were observed in any of the organs. The level of nifedipine in the peripheral blood, 0.645 μg/ml was determined to be either close to or exceeding the reported fatal dose. The cause of death was ascertained as acute nifedipine intoxication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is crucial to accurately determine the cause of death in cases that pose a significant threat to public health. This case highlights the challenges faced by forensic pathologists in scientifically ascertaining the cause of death accurately, especially in intoxication deaths, and the importance of comprehensive toxicology testing services including analytical toxicology for the integrity of the medico-legal death investigation system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12329,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forensic Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-024-00704-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Diagnosis of drug intoxication in the medico-legal autopsy is challenging due to many factors such as non-specific clinical features and non-specific, inconclusive autopsy findings, etc. Thus, deaths due to drug intoxication can be misclassified in a low-resource setting where post-mortem toxicology testing is selective. The paper presents a fatal case of unrecognized nifedipine intoxication in an adult where the manner of death was undetermined after extensive investigation.
Method: The liquid-liquid extraction using chloroform was carried out on a blood sample spiked with nifedipine. Subsequently, the post-mortem blood sample was analyzed and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron ionization technique.
Results: The patient before death had symptoms, such as trismus, vomiting, and dizziness. The initial blood pressure and pulse rate were 94/56 mm Hg and 110 beats per minute, respectively. The respiratory rate was 20 breaths per minute. The post-mortem examination revealed no pathological changes or injuries in any organs. Upon histopathological examination, no significant findings that could have led to death were observed in any of the organs. The level of nifedipine in the peripheral blood, 0.645 μg/ml was determined to be either close to or exceeding the reported fatal dose. The cause of death was ascertained as acute nifedipine intoxication.
Conclusion: It is crucial to accurately determine the cause of death in cases that pose a significant threat to public health. This case highlights the challenges faced by forensic pathologists in scientifically ascertaining the cause of death accurately, especially in intoxication deaths, and the importance of comprehensive toxicology testing services including analytical toxicology for the integrity of the medico-legal death investigation system.
期刊介绍:
The journal Forensic Toxicology provides an international forum for publication of studies on toxic substances, drugs of abuse, doping agents, chemical warfare agents, and their metabolisms and analyses, which are related to laws and ethics. It includes original articles, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications, and case reports. Although a major focus of the journal is on the development or improvement of analytical methods for the above-mentioned chemicals in human matrices, appropriate studies with animal experiments are also published.
Forensic Toxicology is the official publication of the Japanese Association of Forensic Toxicology (JAFT) and is the continuation of the Japanese Journal of Forensic Toxicology (ISSN 0915-9606).