Extended ambulatory ECG monitoring enhances identification of higher-risk ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 48-hour ambulatory monitoring has been standard practice to detect nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), a sudden death risk marker. Extended-wear ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) devices have more recently used for monitoring patients with HCM.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate NSVT burden identified with continuous ambulatory monitoring for up to 2 weeks compared with initial 48 hours.

Methods

236 consecutive patients with HCM (49 ± 12 years) underwent 14-day continuous ambulatory monitoring (Zio XT, iRhythm Technologies, San Francisco, CA); diagnostic yield of NSVT compared for initial 48 hours vs extended for 14 days.

Results

Of the 236 patients, 114 (48%) had ≥ 1 runs of NSVT (median 2) over 14 days. Median length of NSVT was 7 beats (range: 3 to 67) at rates of 120 to 240 beats per minute (bpm) (median, 167 bpm). In 42 of the 114 patients (37%), initial NSVT occurred ≤ 48 hours and in 72 (63%) only during the extended monitoring period (3 to 14 days). Diagnostic yield for detecting NSVT over 14 days was 2.7-fold greater than ≤ 48 hours (P < .001). NSVT judged at higher risk (≥ 8 beats, > 200 bpm, ≥ 2 runs in consecutive 2-day period) was identified more frequently during extended monitoring, diagnostic yield over 14 days was 3-fold greater than ≤ 48 hours (P < .001).

Conclusion

In HCM, NSVT episodes are frequent; however, in most patients, both NSVT and higher-risk NSVT were not detected during initial 48 hours and were confined solely to extended monitoring period. These data support additional clinical studies to evaluate the significance of NSVT on extended monitoring on sudden death risk in HCM.