Is smokeless tobacco a healthier option in patients with AUD? A follow-up study during treatment.

IF 4 2区 社会学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Harm Reduction Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1186/s12954-024-01077-9
Lars Lien, Ingeborg Bolstad, Jørgen G Bramness
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Abstract

Introduction: Smoking is negatively related to mental health, but there is a paucity of research on the relationship between the use of smokeless tobacco, such as snus, and mental health outcomes, especially in people with alcohol use disorders (AUD). The aim of the present study was to examine the development of mental distress and quality of life (QoL) among AUD patients in treatment who did or did not use snus.

Method: The study included 128 AUD patients (27% female) from three rehabilitation clinics in Eastern Norway who were interviewed at admission, at 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Patients were asked about their mental health-related problems, alcohol, and substance use, QoL, and physical activity. Information about tobacco use was gathered with the questions "Do you smoke cigarettes?" and "Do you use snus?", with follow-up questions "How often?".

Result: There were 39 current snus users (31%), of which 20 were also current smokers (dual users). Seventy-five patients (59%) were smokers only, and only 14 (11%) patients were abstainers. Those who used snus only had a lower severity of dependence score than the other groups (p < 0.05). The dual use group reported lower QoL than the no tobacco use group. In a regression model adjusted for sex and age, smokers and dual users, but not users of snus, had higher levels of mental distress and poorer QoL compared to nontobacco users (p < 0.05). There were no differences between tobacco groups at follow-ups.

Conclusion: In this study, among AUD patients, snus users reported QoL and mental distress close to that of non-smokers, indicating a lower problem load among snus users compared to smokers.

Implications: Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the potential harm reduction effect of snus use among patients with AUD who smoke regarding their tobacco use, quality of life and mental health problems. This study suggests that snus use could also be a viable alternative to smoking for patients with addictions.

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无烟烟草是 AUD 患者更健康的选择吗?治疗期间的随访研究。
导言:吸烟与心理健康呈负相关,但有关使用鼻烟等无烟烟草与心理健康结果之间关系的研究却很少,尤其是在酒精使用障碍(AUD)患者中。本研究旨在探讨接受治疗的酒精使用障碍患者中使用或不使用鼻烟者的精神痛苦发展情况和生活质量(QoL):研究对象包括来自挪威东部三家康复诊所的 128 名 AUD 患者(27% 为女性),他们分别在入院时、6 周后和 6 个月后接受了访谈。研究人员询问了患者的心理健康相关问题、酒精和药物使用情况、生活质量以及体育锻炼情况。通过 "您吸烟吗?"和 "您使用鼻烟吗?"这两个问题以及 "多久使用一次?"等后续问题收集了有关烟草使用的信息:结果:目前使用鼻烟的患者有 39 人(31%),其中 20 人同时也是吸烟者(双重使用者)。75名患者(59%)只吸烟,只有14名患者(11%)戒烟。只吸食鼻烟的患者的依赖严重程度评分低于其他组别(P 结论:"只吸食鼻烟的患者的依赖严重程度评分低于其他组别":在这项研究中,在 AUD 患者中,吸食鼻烟者报告的 QoL 和精神痛苦接近非吸烟者,表明吸食鼻烟者的问题负荷低于吸烟者:以往的研究显示,在吸烟的 AUD 患者中,使用鼻烟对其烟草使用、生活质量和心理健康问题的潜在减害效果存在相互矛盾的结果。这项研究表明,对于成瘾患者来说,使用鼻烟也是一种可行的替代吸烟的方法。
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来源期刊
Harm Reduction Journal
Harm Reduction Journal Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
126
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Harm Reduction Journal is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal whose focus is on the prevalent patterns of psychoactive drug use, the public policies meant to control them, and the search for effective methods of reducing the adverse medical, public health, and social consequences associated with both drugs and drug policies. We define "harm reduction" as "policies and programs which aim to reduce the health, social, and economic costs of legal and illegal psychoactive drug use without necessarily reducing drug consumption". We are especially interested in studies of the evolving patterns of drug use around the world, their implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne pathogens.
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