Acute Cardiovascular Responses to the 100-Mile Western States Endurance Run.

Abstract

Ultramarathon participation is growing in popularity and exposes runners to unique stressors including extreme temperatures, high altitude, and exceedingly long exercise duration. However, the acute effects of ultramarathon participation on the cardiovascular system are not well understood.

Purpose: To determine the acute effects of trail ultramarathon participation on central artery stiffness and hemodynamics.

Methods: Forty-one participants (9F, 32M) participating in the 2023 Western States Endurance Run underwent measures of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and pulse wave analysis pre- and <1h post-race. Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was calculated from central blood pressure (BP) waveforms. Serum was analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) activity as a measure of muscle damage. Normally distributed data are presented as mean±SD and non-normally distributed data are presented as median (interquartile range).

Results: Runners were middle-aged and generally lean (age=44±9 y, BMI=22.7±1.8 kg●m^-2). There was no difference in cf-PWV from pre- to post-race (pre=6.4±1.0, post=6.2±0.85 m/s, p=0.104), a finding that persisted after adjusting for mean arterial pressure (p=0.563). Systolic and diastolic BP were lower post-race (pre=129/77±9/7, post=122/74±10/8 mmHg, ps<0.001). Augmentation index (AIx; pre=17.3±12.2, post=6.0±13.7%, p<0.001), AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75bpm (p=0.043), reflection magnitude (pre=55.5(49.0-60.8), post=45.5(41.8-48.8) %, p<0.001), and SEVR (pre=173.0(158.0-190.0), post=127.5(116.5-145.8) %, p<0.001) were reduced post-race. CK increased markedly from pre- to post-race (pre=111(85-162), post=11,973(5,049-17,954) U/L, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Completing a 161-km trail ultramarathon does not affect central arterial stiffness and acutely reduces BP despite eliciting profound muscle damage. However, the reduced post-race SEVR suggests a short-term mismatch between myocardial work and coronary artery perfusion.