Viral coagulation: pushing the envelope.

IF 5.5 2区 医学 Q1 HEMATOLOGY Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.014
Edward Louis George Pryzdial, John Ruggles Perrier, Mahamud-Ur Rashid, Henry Euan West, Michael Ross Sutherland
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Abstract

Many virus types affect the blood clotting system with correlations to pathology that range widely from thrombosis to hemorrhage linking to inflammation. Here we overview the intricate crosstalk induced by infection between proteins on the virus encoded by either the host or virus genomes, coagulation proteins, platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. For blood-borne viruses with an outer covering acquired from the host cell, the envelope, a key player may be the cell-derived trigger of coagulation on the virus surface, tissue factor (TF). TF is a multifunctional transmembrane cofactor that accelerates factor (F)VIIa-dependent activation of FX to FXa, leading to clot formation. However, the nascent TF/FVIIa/FXa complex also facilitates G protein-coupled modulation of cells via protease-activated receptor 2. As a viral envelope constituent, TF can bypass the physiological modes of regulation, thereby initiating the activation of neighboring platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. A thromboinflammatory environment is predicted due to feedback amplification in response to cellular release of cytokines, procoagulant proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps, and stimulus-induced accessibility of adhesive receptors, resulting in cellular aggregates. The pathobiological effects of thromboinflammation ultimately contribute to innate and adaptive immunity for viral clearance. In contrast, the preceding stages of viral infection may be enhanced via the TF-protease axis.

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病毒感染:推陈出新。
许多病毒类型都会影响凝血系统,并与从血栓形成到大出血再到炎症等各种病理现象相关联。在此,我们将概述由宿主或病毒基因组编码的病毒蛋白质、凝血蛋白、血小板、白细胞和内皮细胞之间因感染而产生的错综复杂的相互影响。对于从宿主细胞获得外壳(包膜)的血源性病毒来说,病毒表面源自细胞的凝血触发因子--组织因子(TF)可能是一个关键角色。TF 是一种多功能跨膜辅助因子,可加速因子(F)VIIa 依赖性活化 FX 为 FXa,从而形成血凝块。不过,新生的 TF/FVIIa/FXa 复合物还能通过蛋白酶激活受体-2 促进 G 蛋白耦合调节细胞。作为一种病毒包膜成分,TF 可以绕过生理调节模式,从而激活邻近的血小板、白细胞和内皮细胞。细胞因子、促凝血蛋白和中性粒细胞胞外捕获物的细胞释放,以及刺激引起的粘附受体的可及性导致细胞聚集,由此产生的反馈放大作用预示着血栓性炎症环境的形成。血栓栓塞性炎症的病理生物学效应最终会促进先天性和适应性免疫,从而清除病毒。相反,病毒感染的前几个阶段可能会通过 TF 蛋白酶轴得到加强。
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来源期刊
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 医学-外周血管病
CiteScore
24.30
自引率
3.80%
发文量
321
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (JTH) serves as the official journal of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. It is dedicated to advancing science related to thrombosis, bleeding disorders, and vascular biology through the dissemination and exchange of information and ideas within the global research community. Types of Publications: The journal publishes a variety of content, including: Original research reports State-of-the-art reviews Brief reports Case reports Invited commentaries on publications in the Journal Forum articles Correspondence Announcements Scope of Contributions: Editors invite contributions from both fundamental and clinical domains. These include: Basic manuscripts on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis Studies on proteins and reactions related to thrombosis and haemostasis Research on blood platelets and their interactions with other biological systems, such as the vessel wall, blood cells, and invading organisms Clinical manuscripts covering various topics including venous thrombosis, arterial disease, hemophilia, bleeding disorders, and platelet diseases Clinical manuscripts may encompass etiology, diagnostics, prognosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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