{"title":"Mixture and Non-Mixture Cure Models for the survival analysis of SARS-CoV-2 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","authors":"Naseem Asghar, Umair Khalil, Iftikhar Uddin","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.8931","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the potential difference in survival and risk of death between asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients, controlled by age and gender for all the attendance in hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, the medical records of 6273 SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to almost all hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the first wave of the coronavirus outbreak from March to June 2020 were analysed. The effects of gender, age, and being symptomatic on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 patients were assessed using cure-survival models as opposed to the conventional Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of initially symptomatic patients was 55.8%, and the overall mortality rate was 11.8%. The fitted cure-survival models suggest that age affects the probability of death (incidence) but not the short-term survival time of patients (latency); symptomatic patients have a higher risk of death than their asymptomatic counterparts, but the survival time of symptomatic patients is longer on average; gender has no significant effect on the probability of death and survival time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available data and statistical results suggest that asymptomatic and young patients are generally less susceptible to initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have a lower risk of death. Our regression models show that uncured asymptomatic patients generally have poorer short-term survival than their uncured symptomatic counterparts. The association between gender and survival outcome was not significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395337/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8931","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To examine the potential difference in survival and risk of death between asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients, controlled by age and gender for all the attendance in hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 6273 SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to almost all hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the first wave of the coronavirus outbreak from March to June 2020 were analysed. The effects of gender, age, and being symptomatic on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 patients were assessed using cure-survival models as opposed to the conventional Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: The prevalence of initially symptomatic patients was 55.8%, and the overall mortality rate was 11.8%. The fitted cure-survival models suggest that age affects the probability of death (incidence) but not the short-term survival time of patients (latency); symptomatic patients have a higher risk of death than their asymptomatic counterparts, but the survival time of symptomatic patients is longer on average; gender has no significant effect on the probability of death and survival time.
Conclusion: The available data and statistical results suggest that asymptomatic and young patients are generally less susceptible to initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have a lower risk of death. Our regression models show that uncured asymptomatic patients generally have poorer short-term survival than their uncured symptomatic counterparts. The association between gender and survival outcome was not significant.
期刊介绍:
It is a peer reviewed medical journal published regularly since 1984. It was previously known as quarterly "SPECIALIST" till December 31st 1999. It publishes original research articles, review articles, current practices, short communications & case reports. It attracts manuscripts not only from within Pakistan but also from over fifty countries from abroad.
Copies of PJMS are sent to all the import medical libraries all over Pakistan and overseas particularly in South East Asia and Asia Pacific besides WHO EMRO Region countries. Eminent members of the medical profession at home and abroad regularly contribute their write-ups, manuscripts in our publications. We pursue an independent editorial policy, which allows an opportunity to the healthcare professionals to express their views without any fear or favour. That is why many opinion makers among the medical and pharmaceutical profession use this publication to communicate their viewpoint.