Trends in Contacts Made by Immigrants to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Public Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1177/00333549241279101

Sarah Treves-Kagan, Vi D Le, Liris S Berra, Colleen M Ray, Yanet Ruvalcaba, Leila Wood, Denise V D'Angelo, Tatiana M Vera, Lianne Fuino Estefan

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Abstract

Objectives: Immigrants in the United States are more likely than nonimmigrants to experience risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and problems in getting support. The COVID-19 pandemic and recent incidents of xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment may have exacerbated exposure to IPV risk factors. We examined immigrant experiences of IPV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study identified changes in characteristics of abuse, services used, referrals, and barriers to services among those who contacted the National Domestic Violence Hotline (NDVH) and identified as immigrants, reported immigration status as a concern, needed immigration support, and/or identified immigration status as a barrier to accessing services (N = 49 817). We used joinpoint regressions to examine whether the rate of change differed significantly from 2016-2019 (before the pandemic) to 2019-2021 (during the pandemic).

Results: The number of immigrant contacts to NDVH peaked in 2017 (n = 9333) and declined 25% to 6946 in 2021. During 2016-2019, the percentage of contacts reporting the following increased significantly: technology-facilitated violence (+12.7 percentage points), economic/financial abuse (+10.8 percentage points), and involvement of firearms (+4.8 percentage points); during 2019-2021, these trends reversed. The percentage of contacts reporting separation or divorce was relatively flat until 2019 and then increased from 14.6% in 2019 to 19.9% in 2021 (+5.2 percentage points). Housing instability increased during 2017-2020 (+9.3 percentage points), but requests for shelters decreased (-4.5 percentage points). Immigration status and personal finances were commonly reported barriers to services; both decreased during 2016-2019 but then increased during 2019-2021.

Conclusions: This study can inform prevention and response strategies relevant for immigrants experiencing or reporting IPV.

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在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间，移民与全国家庭暴力热线联系的趋势。

目标：与非移民相比，在美国的移民更有可能遭遇亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的风险因素以及获得支持方面的问题。COVID-19 大流行以及最近发生的仇外心理和反移民情绪事件可能加剧了 IPV 风险因素的暴露。我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间移民遭受 IPV 的经历：本研究确定了与全国家庭暴力热线（NDVH）联系并确认自己是移民、报告移民身份是一个问题、需要移民支持和/或确认移民身份是获得服务的障碍的人群（N = 49 817）在虐待特征、使用的服务、转介和服务障碍方面的变化。我们使用连接点回归法来检验从 2016-2019 年（大流行之前）到 2019-2021 年（大流行期间）的变化率是否存在显著差异：与 NDVH 接触的移民人数在 2017 年达到峰值（n = 9333），到 2021 年下降 25% 至 6946 人。在 2016-2019 年期间，报告以下情况的联系人比例显著增加：技术辅助暴力（+12.7 个百分点）、经济/财务虐待（+10.8 个百分点）和涉及枪支（+4.8 个百分点）；在 2019-2021 年期间，这些趋势发生了逆转。报告分居或离婚的联系人比例在2019年之前相对平稳，之后从2019年的14.6%上升至2021年的19.9%（+5.2个百分点）。住房不稳定性在 2017-2020 年期间有所上升（+9.3 个百分点），但申请庇护所的比例有所下降（-4.5 个百分点）。移民身份和个人财务状况是普遍报告的服务障碍；两者在 2016-2019 年期间均有所下降，但在 2019-2021 年期间又有所上升：本研究可为针对遭遇或报告 IPV 的移民的预防和应对策略提供参考。

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来源期刊

Public Health Reports 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

164

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Public Health Reports is the official journal of the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service and has been published since 1878. It is published bimonthly, plus supplement issues, through an official agreement with the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes original research and commentaries in the areas of public health practice and methodology, original research, public health law, and public health schools and teaching. Issues contain regular commentaries by the U.S. Surgeon General and executives of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health. The journal focuses upon such topics as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, health disparities, and many other key and emerging public health issues. In addition to the six regular issues, PHR produces supplemental issues approximately 2-5 times per year which focus on specific topics that are of particular interest to our readership. The journal''s contributors are on the front line of public health and they present their work in a readable and accessible format.