Beyond Conventional Treatments: Exploring CAR-T Cell Therapy for Cancer Stem Cell Eradication.

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1007/s12015-024-10786-4

Lobna E Rabie, Ahmed A Mohran, Kholoud A Gaber, Nour M Ali, Asmaa M Abd El Naby, Eman A Ghoniem, Basmala A Abd Elmaksod, Ahmed N Abdallah

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Abstract

Background: For decades cancer remained the center of attention in the scientific community as its survival rates are low. Researchers from all around the world wanted to know the core of the problem as to what initiates cancer in a patient and helps with its progression. Many postulations came to light, but Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) was the most appealing and convincing.

Main body: In this review, we shed light on a potential solution to the problem by reviewing CAR-T cells (Chimeric antigen receptor T cells). These specialized T cells are designed to detect specific antigens on cancer cells. We analyse the steps of their formation from the collection of T cells from the patient's bloodstream and modifying it to exhibit specific CAR structures on their surfaces, to reinjecting them back and evaluating their efficacy. We thoroughly investigate the structure of the CAR design with improvements across different generations. The focus extends to the unique properties of CSCs as in how targeting specific markers on them can enhance the precision of cancer therapy.

Conclusion: Despite the successes, the review discusses the existing limitations and toxicities associated with CAR-derived therapies, highlighting the ongoing need for research and refinement. Looking ahead, we explore proposed strategies aimed at optimizing CAR-T cell therapy to mitigate adverse effects for improved cancer treatments.

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超越传统疗法：探索消除癌症干细胞的 CAR-T 细胞疗法。

背景：几十年来，癌症一直是科学界关注的焦点，因为它的存活率很低。世界各地的研究人员都想知道问题的核心：是什么引发了癌症，又是什么助长了癌症的发展。人们提出了许多假设，但癌症干细胞（CSC）最具吸引力和说服力：在这篇综述中，我们通过对 CAR-T 细胞（嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞）的研究，揭示了解决这一问题的潜在方法。这些特化T细胞旨在检测癌细胞上的特定抗原。从收集患者血液中的 T 细胞并对其进行改造，使其表面呈现出特定的 CAR 结构，到将其重新注射回去并评估其疗效，我们分析了它们的形成步骤。我们对 CAR 设计结构进行了深入研究，并对不同世代的 CAR 进行了改进。重点还延伸到干细胞的独特特性，如靶向干细胞上的特定标记物如何提高癌症治疗的精准度：尽管取得了成功，但综述讨论了与 CAR 衍生疗法相关的现有局限性和毒性，强调了研究和改进的持续需求。展望未来，我们将探讨旨在优化 CAR-T 细胞疗法的建议策略，以减轻不良反应，改进癌症治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 医学-细胞生物学

CiteScore

9.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of Stem Cell Reviews and Reports is to cover contemporary and emerging areas in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. The journal will consider for publication: i) solicited or unsolicited reviews of topical areas of stem cell biology that highlight, critique and synthesize recent important findings in the field. ii) full length and short reports presenting original experimental work. iii) translational stem cell studies describing results of clinical trials using stem cells as therapeutics. iv) papers focused on diseases of stem cells. v) hypothesis and commentary articles as opinion-based pieces in which authors can propose a new theory, interpretation of a controversial area in stem cell biology, or a stem cell biology question or paradigm. These articles contain more speculation than reviews, but they should be based on solid rationale. vi) protocols as peer-reviewed procedures that provide step-by-step descriptions, outlined in sufficient detail, so that both experts and novices can apply them to their own research. vii) letters to the editor and correspondence. In order to facilitate this exchange of scientific information and exciting novel ideas, the journal has created five thematic sections, focusing on: i) the role of adult stem cells in tissue regeneration; ii) progress in research on induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and mechanism governing embryogenesis and tissue development; iii) the role of microenvironment and extracellular microvesicles in directing the fate of stem cells; iv) mechanisms of stem cell trafficking, stem cell mobilization and homing with special emphasis on hematopoiesis; v) the role of stem cells in aging processes and cancerogenesis.