Clinical and epidemiological profiles of pediatric COVID-19 in two private Kenyan hospitals.

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 infection has attracted global attention with limited published data on the burden in African children.

Methods: hospital-based longitudinal survey in children with COVID-19 infection, aged 0-18 years admitted between August 2020 and December 2021. The main objective of the study was to describe socio-demographic, clinical and diagnostic manifestations of COVID-19 infection in children.

Results: the study enrolled 85 children. Median age was 5•1 years (IQR = 1•3 - 12•4) with equal gender distribution. Under five years were 52•9%. Average length of hospital stay among non-severe cases was three days (IQR=2•0-5•0). No deaths were reported. Fifteen patients (18•7%) were asymptomatic. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (51•8%), vomiting (36•5%), cough (27•1%), diarrhea (20•0%), nasal congestion (14•1%) and fast breathing (12•9%). Two patients presented in shock and features consistent with Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Childhood (MIS-C). Procalcitonin and C-reactive proteins were elevated in 76•9% and 45•8% respectively. Majority (n=80) had white cell counts within normal range and none had bacterial pathogens isolated from blood (n=63). Liver and Renal function tests were within the normal range in the majority of those tested (n=24 and n=64 respectively). Three of the five patients with elevated platelet count (>500 x109/L) had clinical diagnosis of MIS-C. Eight of 20 patients subjected to imaging had radiological features of bilateral ground glass opacifications while six of nine patients who presented with cardiovascular compromise had mild to moderate ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography.

Conclusion: our study suggests that children in the African setting manifest a mild form of the COVID-19 infection with low mortality.