New Paradigms in Cervical Cancer Prevention.

Abstract

Cervical Cancer prevention is a relatively new concept in Medicine. Since mid-twentieth century, diagnosis of Precancerous phase became possible thus outcome of invasive cervical cancer could be avoided. The dawn of this new era began with the research on HPV infection, being the causative factor. Clinical use of vaccines made it possible to start primary prevention by the year 2006. There has been a paradigm shift in this field and some of the important shifts will be discussed. The 1st paradigm is to better understand "Cancer Prevention". Cytology or the "Pap Smear" as it is commonly known is a simple low cost, low technology test. Combining it with biomarker test gives it more validity. Angiogenesis of cervical neoplasia was based on colposcopy. Angiogenesis inhibitor was discovered on this concept which improved treatment results. Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer shows a global disparity. For this, we have to study the social determinants. Some of the causes leading to high mortality are delay in diagnosis and reaching healthcare facility. UN's SD goal has suggested 30% reduction to be achieved. HPV is the cause of many other cancers apart from cervical cancer which may lead to suffering and mortality. The most deadly genotypes of HPV are 9 which form the NONAVALENT Vaccine. Introduction of vaccine made in India may be a game changer. A new "Ray of Hope" was the introduction of therapeutic vaccines in 2020. It will reduce human suffering and prolong life. As research advances, many more new Paradigms will evolve.