Advancements in nuclear imaging using radiolabeled nanobody tracers to support cancer immunotherapy.

IF 4.1 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Immunotherapy advances Pub Date : 2024-08-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/immadv/ltae006
Katty Zeven, Yoline Lauwers, Lynn De Mey, Jens M Debacker, Tessa De Pauw, Timo W M De Groof, Nick Devoogdt
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Abstract

The evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the dynamic tumor microenvironment has led to variable clinical outcomes, indicating a need for predictive biomarkers. Noninvasive nuclear imaging, using radiolabeled modalities, has aided in patient selection and monitoring of their treatment response. This approach holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, providing a more personalized treatment regimen, and enhancing the clinical response. Nanobodies or single-domain antibodies, derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, allow early timepoint detection of targets with high target-to-background ratios. To date, a plethora of nanobodies have been developed for nuclear imaging of tumor-specific antigens, immune checkpoints, and immune cells, both at a preclinical and clinical level. This review comprehensively outlines the recent advancements in nanobody-based nuclear imaging, both on preclinical and clinical levels. Additionally, the impact and expected future advancements on the use of nanobody-based radiopharmaceuticals in supporting cancer diagnosis and treatment follow-up are discussed.

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利用放射性标记纳米抗体示踪剂支持癌症免疫疗法的核成像进展。
癌症免疫疗法的不断发展为癌症治疗带来了革命性的变化。然而,动态的肿瘤微环境导致了不同的临床结果,这表明需要有预测性的生物标志物。使用放射性标记模式的无创核成像有助于选择患者和监测其治疗反应。这种方法有望提高诊断准确性,提供更加个性化的治疗方案,并增强临床反应。从驼科动物重链抗体中衍生出来的纳米抗体或单域抗体可以对目标进行早期时间点检测,并具有较高的目标-背景比。迄今为止,已开发出大量纳米抗体,用于对肿瘤特异性抗原、免疫检查点和免疫细胞进行临床前和临床水平的核成像。本综述全面概述了基于纳米抗体的核成像在临床前和临床层面的最新进展。此外,还讨论了基于纳米抗体的放射性药物在支持癌症诊断和治疗跟踪方面的影响和预期的未来进展。
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