Modular formation of in vitro tumor models for oncological research/therapeutic drug screening.

Advances in cancer research Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI:10.1016/bs.acr.2024.06.011
Weiwei Wang, Hongjun Wang
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Abstract

In recognition of the lethal nature of cancer, extensive efforts have been made to understand the mechanistic causation while identifying the effective therapy modality in hope to eradicate cancerous cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. In search of such effective therapeutics, establishing pathophysiologically relevant in vitro models would be of importance in empowering our capabilities of truly identifying those potent ones with significantly reduction of the preclinical periods for rapid translation. In this regard, wealthy progresses have been achieved over past decades in establishing various in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Ideally, the tumor models should maximally recapture the key pathophysiological attributes of their native counterparts. Many of the current models have demonstrated their utilities but also showed some noticeable limitations. This book chapter will briefly review some of the mainstream platforms for in vitro tumor models followed by detailed elaboration on the modular strategies to form in vitro tumor models with complex structures and spatial organization of cellular components. Clearly, with the ability to modulate the building modules it becomes a new trend to form in vitro tumor models following a bottom-up approach, which offers a high flexibility to satisfy the needs for pathophysiological study, anticancer drug screening or design of personalized treatment.

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用于肿瘤研究/治疗药物筛选的体外肿瘤模型的模块化形成。
由于认识到癌症的致命性,人们一直在努力了解其机理成因,同时确定有效的治疗模式,希望在根除癌细胞的同时,尽量减少对健康细胞的损害。在寻找有效疗法的过程中,建立与病理生理学相关的体外模型非常重要,它能增强我们的能力,真正找出有效的治疗方法,并大大缩短临床前的研究时间,实现快速转化。在这方面,过去几十年来,我们在建立各种体外和体内肿瘤模型方面取得了巨大进展。理想情况下,肿瘤模型应能最大限度地再现其原生对应物的关键病理生理学属性。目前的许多模型已经证明了它们的实用性,但也显示出一些明显的局限性。本书的这一章将简要回顾一些体外肿瘤模型的主流平台,然后详细阐述形成具有复杂结构和细胞成分空间组织的体外肿瘤模型的模块化策略。显然,由于可以对构建模块进行调节,采用自下而上的方法建立体外肿瘤模型已成为一种新趋势,这种方法具有高度的灵活性,可以满足病理生理学研究、抗癌药物筛选或个性化治疗设计的需要。
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Advancements in computer vision and pathology: Unraveling the potential of artificial intelligence for precision diagnosis and beyond. Deciphering the genetic and epigenetic architecture of prostate cancer. Epigenetic regulation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. Molecular landscape of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Multiplexed quantitative proteomics in prostate cancer biomarker development.
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