Devin C. Tomlinson , Lara N. Coughlin , Kipling M. Bohnert , Mark A. Ilgen
{"title":"Cannabis expectancies and associations with cannabis use and health functioning among adults with chronic pain","authors":"Devin C. Tomlinson , Lara N. Coughlin , Kipling M. Bohnert , Mark A. Ilgen","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108166","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cannabis is increasingly available to individuals in the United States, with the majority of states legalizing medical or recreational cannabis use. Cannabis expectancies (e.g., positive expectations from cannabis use) are related to more frequent cannabis use and associated with greater odds of lapse following a cessation attempt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between expectancies and cannabis- and health-related outcomes, we surveyed adults who used medical cannabis for chronic pain (n = 633; 52.2 % female; 82.1 % white) over a two-year period. Then, we performed a principal components analysis (PCA) on the Cannabis Expectancies Questionnaire to derive components of cannabis expectancies. We performed k-means clustering to identify subgroups with similar expectancies. The relationship between subgroup assignment and cannabis use outcomes (frequency, quantity), and physical and mental health functioning were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PCA identified a three-component solution and k-means clustering identified four subgroups: low expectancies, negative expectancies, amotivation expectancies, and positive expectancies. Participants’ cannabis expectancies were dynamic over time. After adjusting for demographics, expectancy subgroup was able to predict six-month cannabis use frequency (χ2(3) = 11.244; <em>p</em> = 0.010) and mental health functioning (χ2(3) = 24.926; <em>p</em> < 0.001), but not quantity (χ2(3) = 2.741, <em>p</em> = 0.433) or physical health functioning (χ2(3) = 5.110, <em>p</em> = 0.164).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a large cohort of individuals who use medical cannabis, four subgroups with differing cannabis expectancies emerged: low expectancies, negative expectancies, amotivation expectancies, and positive expectancies. These subgroups predicted subsequent outcomes and may be important for targeted intervention approaches to reduce cannabis use and improve functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Addictive behaviors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460324002156","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction
Cannabis is increasingly available to individuals in the United States, with the majority of states legalizing medical or recreational cannabis use. Cannabis expectancies (e.g., positive expectations from cannabis use) are related to more frequent cannabis use and associated with greater odds of lapse following a cessation attempt.
Methods
To evaluate the relationship between expectancies and cannabis- and health-related outcomes, we surveyed adults who used medical cannabis for chronic pain (n = 633; 52.2 % female; 82.1 % white) over a two-year period. Then, we performed a principal components analysis (PCA) on the Cannabis Expectancies Questionnaire to derive components of cannabis expectancies. We performed k-means clustering to identify subgroups with similar expectancies. The relationship between subgroup assignment and cannabis use outcomes (frequency, quantity), and physical and mental health functioning were evaluated.
Results
The PCA identified a three-component solution and k-means clustering identified four subgroups: low expectancies, negative expectancies, amotivation expectancies, and positive expectancies. Participants’ cannabis expectancies were dynamic over time. After adjusting for demographics, expectancy subgroup was able to predict six-month cannabis use frequency (χ2(3) = 11.244; p = 0.010) and mental health functioning (χ2(3) = 24.926; p < 0.001), but not quantity (χ2(3) = 2.741, p = 0.433) or physical health functioning (χ2(3) = 5.110, p = 0.164).
Conclusion
In a large cohort of individuals who use medical cannabis, four subgroups with differing cannabis expectancies emerged: low expectancies, negative expectancies, amotivation expectancies, and positive expectancies. These subgroups predicted subsequent outcomes and may be important for targeted intervention approaches to reduce cannabis use and improve functioning.
期刊介绍:
Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings.
Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.