Analysis of Indonesia's priority selection: Energy transition, energy-related measures, mining governance, and resource transition using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions are being reduced by several countries in response to global climate change. Indonesia must prioritize its policies, strategies, and measures in relation to its commitment to sustainable development. This study examines the priority criteria and alternatives for energy transition, energy-related measures, mining sector governance, and resource transition in Indonesia. The proposed tool is based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the results show that the order of priority is energy transition (0.3211), energy-related measures (0.2651), mining sector governance (0.2202), and resource transition (0.1935). The top priorities of the alternatives are national energy policy, electricity sector reforms, and energy infrastructure development. The sensitivity analysis results show that a higher priority for energy transition is placed on electricity sector reforms, national energy policies, and energy infrastructure development. Higher priority on energy-related measures provides advice on electricity sector reforms, energy infrastructure development, and renewable energy incentives. Higher priority in mining governance provides priority to environmental regulations, licensing and permitting frameworks, transparency, and accountability. Finally, resource transition prioritizes supply chain reliability and security, extraction and processing technologies, and resource extraction and mining of the environmental impact of critical minerals. The findings of this study reveal stakeholders' insight into decision-making when selecting the priority of those criteria and provide optimal alternative options for most policies, strategies, and measures to be improved and implemented.