Soluble urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and mortality in acute pulmonary embolism

Abstract

Introduction

The soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) potentially plays a role in immune-thrombosis, possibly by modulating plasmin activity or contributing to chemotaxis in a complex, poorly understood context. The role of suPAR levels in the short-term prognostic of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) has not been evaluated.

Material and methods

This observational, prospective, single-center study enrolled consecutive patients aged 18 and above with confirmed acute symptomatic PE and no prior anticoagulant therapy. The primary objective was to assess the prognostic capacity of suPAR levels measured at the time of diagnosis in terms of mortality.

Results

Fifty-two patients, with a mean age of 73.8 years (±17), were included, with gender distribution evenly split at 50%. Seven (13.5%) patients died. The ROC curve for mortality yielded an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.48–0.96), with an optimal suPAR cut-off of 5.5 ng/mL. Bivariate analysis for suPAR > 5.5 ng/mL was associated with a crude odds ratio of 10 (95% CI 1.63–61.27; p = 0.01) for 30-day mortality. Survival analysis showed a 30-day mortality hazard ratio of 8.33 (95% CI 1.69–40.99; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

suPAR emerges as a potential biomarker for short-term mortality prediction and holds the potential for enhanced stratification in patients with acute symptomatic PE.