Diabetes insípida

Abstract

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of water metabolism characterized by the development of a polyuria-polydipsia syndrome with a large volume of dilute urine. It may be due to alterations in vasopressin production at the central level (arginine-vasopressin hormone deficiency) or lack of response to its renal action (arginine-vasopressin hormone resistance). A third form is gestational DI, caused by increased vasopressin degradation by placental vasopressinase. The severity of the picture will be determined by the degree of hypovolemia and osmotic imbalance. The different forms of classify hypotonic polyuria has evolved from the classic Miller dehydration test to the current determination of copeptin, which offers greater diagnostic accuracy. Treatment is variable depending on the underlying etiology.