One-Step Organic Synthesis of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Anthraquinone Ester Products: Exploration of Antibacterial Activity and Structure–Activity Relationship, Toxicity Evaluation in Zebrafish
{"title":"One-Step Organic Synthesis of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Anthraquinone Ester Products: Exploration of Antibacterial Activity and Structure–Activity Relationship, Toxicity Evaluation in Zebrafish","authors":"Zhaoyi Yang, Xueyan Li, Wei Liu, Guangyue Wang, Jiahui Ma, Lulu Jiang, Denghui Yu, Yuling Ding, Yong Li","doi":"10.1111/cbdd.14631","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>To combine the activity characteristics of 18<i>β</i>-glycyrrhetinic acid (18<i>β</i>-GA) and anthraquinone compounds (rhein and emodin), reduce toxicity, and explore the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthraquinones, 18<i>β</i>-GA-anthraquinone ester compounds were synthesized by one-step organic synthesis. The products were separated and purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and EI-MS. It was finally determined as di-18<i>β</i>-GA-3-rhein ester (<b>1</b>, New), GA dimer (<b>2</b>, known), 18<i>β</i>-GA-3-emodin ester (<b>3</b>, known), and di-18<i>β</i>-GA-1-emodin ester (<b>4</b>, new). The MIC of three reactants and four products against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were detected in vitro. Its developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The experimental results showed that rhein had the best antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with MIC<sub>50</sub> of 2.4 mM, and it was speculated that –COOH, –OH, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in anthraquinone compounds would enhance the antibacterial effect, while the presence of-CH<sub>3</sub> might weaken the antibacterial activity. Product <b>1</b> increased the hatching rate and survival rate of zebrafish embryos and reduced the malformation rate and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This experiment lays the foundation for further studying the SAR of anthraquinones and providing new drug candidates.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":143,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Biology & Drug Design","volume":"104 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Biology & Drug Design","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cbdd.14631","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
To combine the activity characteristics of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) and anthraquinone compounds (rhein and emodin), reduce toxicity, and explore the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of anthraquinones, 18β-GA-anthraquinone ester compounds were synthesized by one-step organic synthesis. The products were separated and purified by HPLC and characterized by NMR and EI-MS. It was finally determined as di-18β-GA-3-rhein ester (1, New), GA dimer (2, known), 18β-GA-3-emodin ester (3, known), and di-18β-GA-1-emodin ester (4, new). The MIC of three reactants and four products against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in vitro. Its developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity were assessed using zebrafish embryos. The experimental results showed that rhein had the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC50 of 2.4 mM, and it was speculated that –COOH, –OH, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in anthraquinone compounds would enhance the antibacterial effect, while the presence of-CH3 might weaken the antibacterial activity. Product 1 increased the hatching rate and survival rate of zebrafish embryos and reduced the malformation rate and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This experiment lays the foundation for further studying the SAR of anthraquinones and providing new drug candidates.
期刊介绍:
Chemical Biology & Drug Design is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is dedicated to the advancement of innovative science, technology and medicine with a focus on the multidisciplinary fields of chemical biology and drug design. It is the aim of Chemical Biology & Drug Design to capture significant research and drug discovery that highlights new concepts, insight and new findings within the scope of chemical biology and drug design.