Leveraging long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting to improve fumigation efficacy against stored product insects

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) has successfully been used to impair mobility and prevent infestation of stored grain by stored product beetles. Understanding how to integrate LLIN with existing integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, such as phosphine fumigation, can further enhance IPM programs.

RESULTS

We used three 110 metric tons (MT) capacity grain bins, and in each, 60 perforated buckets (e.g., miniature silos) were filled with 500 g of uninfested wheat. Miniature silos were protected by LLIN (0.3% α-cypermethrin, Carifend®, BASF), positive control (without insecticide), or negative control (no netting). Half of each treatment was randomly assigned to phosphine fumigation treatment, while the remainder were not fumigated. Monthly samples of 100 g of grain from four silos from each treatment in four blocks from three-grain bins were taken between June and October both in 2022 and 2023. We determined whether phosphine fumigation could be reduced with the use of LLIN over the season. Overall, we found that silos protected with LLIN showed insect dispersal and progeny production that was reduced by 83–99% and 89–99%, respectively, compared with insecticide-free netting and no-netting controls. Additionally, damage in silos was reduced by 37–99% compared with controls. Importantly, the total number of fumigations could be reduced by 68–91% by using LLIN compared with controls.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates that LLIN is consistently effective for existing pest management tactics such as phosphine fumigation in bulk storage structures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.