The asymptotic preserving unified gas kinetic scheme for the multi-scale kinetic SIR epidemic model

Abstract

In this paper, we present an asymptotic preserving scheme for the two-dimensional space-dependent and multi-scale kinetic SIR epidemic model which is widely used to model the spread of infectious diseases in populations. The scheme combines a discrete ordinate method for the velocity variables and finite volume method for the spatial and time variables. The idea of unified gas kinetic scheme (UGKS) is used to construct the numerical boundary fluxes which needs the formal integral solutions of the model. Due to the coupling of the three transfer equations in the SIR model, it is difficult to obtain these integral solutions dependently. We decouple the system by constructing the fluxes in a separate way. Then following the framework of UGKS we can obtain the macro auxiliary quantities which is needed in the scheme. Thus the SIR model can be solved in the sequential way. In addition, we can show numerically that the scheme is second-order accurate both in space and time. Moreover, it can not only capture the solution of the diffusion limit equations without requiring the cell size and time step being related to the smallness of the scaling parameters, but also resolve the solution in hyperbolic regime in a natural way. Furthermore, the positive property of the UGKS is analyzed in detail, and through adding time step constraint conditions and applying nodal limiters together, the positive UGKS, called $PPUGK{S}^{2-order}$, is obtained. Moreover, in order release the time step constraints in the diffusion regime, a temporal first-order accuracy positive preserving UGKS, called $PPUGK{S}^{1-order}$, is proposed. Finally, several numerical tests are included to validate the performance of the proposed schemes.