Recent advances on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their biosynthetic pathway

IF 3.9 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159564

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Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—fatty acids containing multiple double bonds within their carbon chain—are an indispensable component of the cell membrane. PUFAs, including the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n-6) and the omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), have been implicated in various (patho)physiological events. These PUFAs are either obtained from the diet or biosynthesized from the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3) via enzymatic reactions that are catalyzed by fatty acid elongases (ELOVL2 and ELOVL5) and fatty acid desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2). In this review, we summarize the recent literature studying the role of PUFAs, placing a special emphasis on the newly discovered functions of PUFAs and their biosynthetic pathway as revealed by studies using animal models targeting the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and genetic approaches including genome-wide association studies.

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多不饱和脂肪酸的生理和病理作用及其生物合成途径的最新进展

多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）--碳链中含有多个双键的脂肪酸--是细胞膜不可或缺的组成部分。多不饱和脂肪酸，包括ω-6 多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸（ARA；C20:4n-6）和ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA；C20:5n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA；C22:6n-3），与各种（病理）生理事件有关。这些 PUFA 或从膳食中获取，或由必需脂肪酸亚油酸（LA；C18:2n-6）和α-亚麻酸（ALA；C18:3n-3）通过脂肪酸延长酶（ELOVL2 和 ELOVL5）和脂肪酸去饱和酶（FADS1 和 FADS2）催化的酶促反应生物合成。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近期研究 PUFA 作用的文献，并特别强调了通过针对 PUFA 生物合成途径的动物模型研究和包括全基因组关联研究在内的遗传方法所揭示的 PUFA 及其生物合成途径的新功能。

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来源期刊

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

2.10%

发文量

109

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： BBA Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids publishes papers on original research dealing with novel aspects of molecular genetics related to the lipidome, the biosynthesis of lipids, the role of lipids in cells and whole organisms, the regulation of lipid metabolism and function, and lipidomics in all organisms. Manuscripts should significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in which lipids are involved. Papers detailing novel methodology must report significant biochemical, molecular, or functional insight in the area of lipids.

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