Toll-like Receptors: Therapeutic Potential in Life Threatening Diseases-Cardiac Disorders.

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the innate immune system. TLRs identify and respond to invading pathogens by recognizing certain molecular patterns associated with the infections. TLRs are crucial for the host's defence against these diseases. TLRs are capable of detecting several endogenous chemicals through the recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns, which are generated in response to various harmful situations. Recent animal studies have shown that TLR signaling has a significant role in the development of serious heart diseases, such as ischemia myocardial damage, myocarditis, and septic cardiomyopathy, where inflammation of the heart muscle is a key factor. This manuscript examines the animal research findings on (1) TLRs, TLR ligands, and the signal transduction system, and (2) the significant involvement of TLR signaling in these crucial cardiac diseases.