Nitrates of cerium and samarium deposit on human enamel independently of a salivary pellicle.

IF 3 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Frontiers in oral health Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/froh.2024.1455924

Louis Kopp, Karl-Anton Hiller, Fabian Cieplik, Arno Pfitzner, Florian Pielnhofer, Bastian Höfler, Christian Dolle, Áine M Lennon, Sophia R Bauer, Wolfgang Buchalla, Konstantin J Scholz

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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the precipitation of Cerium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Ce(NO₃)₃] or Samarium(III)nitrate hexahydrate [Sm(NO₃)₃] solutions on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. Investigated parameters were At%Ce and At%Sm measured using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) after test solution (two concentrations) application.

Materials and methods: Precipitation of Ce(NO₃)₃ and Sm(NO₃)₃ solutions was examined on human enamel with and without a salivary pellicle. 6 enamel specimens each were obtained from 12 freshly extracted human third molars. These specimens were ground flat and polished. A salivary pellicle was created on 3 of the 6 specimens per tooth by storing the samples in human saliva. Subsequently, an aqueous solution of Ce(NO₃)₃ was applied to 2 of the 6 specimens (one with, one without salivary pellicle) for 60 s. The same was carried out with an aqueous solution of Sm(NO₃)₃ on 2 further specimens. The remaining 2 specimens from each tooth were treated with demineralized water (negative control). Ce(NO₃)₃ and Sm(NO₃)₃ solutions were applied at 25 or 50 wt% (aqueous solutions). The test materials and concentrations were distributed using a randomization table. After 60 s exposure and rinsing with demineralized water, the elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg) of the enamel surface was analyzed by EDX. Atomic percentages (At%), differences (ΔAt%) and calcium/phosphorous-ratios (Ca/P-ratios) were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (α = 0.05).

Results: 2.0-2.3 At%Ce (median) was detected on Ce(NO₃)₃-treated enamel and 0.4-0.7 At% Sm (median) was detected on Sm(NO₃)₃-treated enamel. Ce was only detected on the surfaces after application of Ce(NO₃)₃, Sm only after application of Sm(NO₃)₃. The Ca/P-ratio was significantly lower (1.37-1.59; p = 0.028) after the application of 25% and 50%Ce(NO₃)₃ as well as 50%Sm(NO₃)₃ compared to the control treatment (demineralized water; 1.61-1.63). After treatment with Ce(NO₃)₃, At%Ca and At%Na were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.043) compared to treatment with Sm(NO₃)₃. No significant differences were found between specimens treated with 25% or 50% lanthanide nitrate solution. Presence of a salivary pellicle had no significant influence on the measured At% with the exception of specimens treated with 50% Sm(NO₃)₃ with increased At%Sm (p ≤ 0.046).

Conclusions: Ce(NO₃)₃ and Sm(NO₃)₃ precipitate on human enamel independently of the presence of a salivary pellicle.

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铈和钐的硝酸盐沉积在人体珐琅质上，与唾液胶粒无关。

目的：本研究旨在分析六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3]或六水合硝酸钐[Sm(NO3)3]溶液在有唾液小泡和无唾液小泡的人体珐琅质上的沉淀情况。研究参数是在使用试验溶液（两种浓度）后使用能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）测量的 At%Ce 和 At%Sm：研究了Ce(NO3)3和Sm(NO3)3溶液在人体珐琅质上的沉淀情况。从 12 颗新鲜拔出的人类第三磨牙上各取 6 个珐琅质标本。这些标本被磨平并抛光。将 6 个标本中的 3 个保存在人类唾液中，在每个牙齿上形成唾液层。随后，将 Ce(NO3)3 的水溶液涂抹在 6 个标本中的 2 个（一个有唾液颗粒，一个没有唾液颗粒）上 60 秒。同样的方法在另外 2 个标本上施加 Sm(NO3)3 水溶液。每颗牙齿的其余 2 个标本用去矿物质水处理（阴性对照）。Ce(NO3)3和Sm(NO3)3溶液的浓度为25或50 wt%（水溶液）。测试材料和浓度通过随机表进行分配。暴露 60 秒后，用去矿物质水冲洗，然后用 EDX 分析珐琅质表面的元素组成（Ce、Sm、Ca、P、O、N、Na、Mg）。结果表明：在经过 Ce(NO3)3 处理的珐琅质中检测到 2.0-2.3 At%Ce（中位数），在 Sm(NO3)3 处理的珐琅质中检测到 0.4-0.7 At% Sm（中位数）。与对照组（去矿物质水；1.61-1.63）相比，施用 25% 和 50%Ce(NO3)3 以及 50%Sm(NO3)3 后，钙/磷比显著降低（1.37-1.59；p = 0.028）。用 Ce(NO3)3 处理后，与用 Sm(NO3)3 处理相比，At%Ca 和 At%Na 明显降低（p ≤ 0.043）。唾液胶粒的存在对 At% 的测量结果没有显著影响，但使用 50% Sm(NO3)3 处理的标本 At%Sm 有所提高（p ≤ 0.046）：结论：Ce(NO3)3和Sm(NO3)3在人类珐琅质上的沉淀与唾液胶粒的存在无关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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