Delay of Gratification in Preschoolers with Autism and Concerns for ADHD.

IF 4.2 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1080/15374416.2024.2405813
Girija Kadlaskar, Ana-Maria Iosif, Burt Hatch, Leiana de la Paz, Annie Chuang, Makayla M Soller, Jocelynn Morales-Martinez, Kimberly G Tena, Jenna P Sandler, Sally Ozonoff, Meghan Miller
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Abstract

Objective: Self-regulation abilities in childhood are predictive of a range of challenges later in life, making it important to identify difficulties in this area as early as possible. Autistic children and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties with self-regulation, but little is known about the similarities and differences in such abilities across neurodevelopmental conditions.

Method: We examined self-regulation using a delay of gratification task in 36-month-old autistic children (n = 20), those showing clinically relevant concerns for ADHD (i.e. ADHD Concerns; n = 24), and Comparison children without these conditions (n = 130); early predictors of self-regulation were also assessed.

Results: Both the Autism and ADHD Concerns groups had greater difficulty waiting for a desired snack than the Comparison group. At the longest delay trial (30 seconds), a substantial percentage of autistic children (50%) and those with ADHD Concerns (35%) consumed the snack prematurely, in contrast to only 16% of the Comparison group. Parent-reported temperament-based impulsivity at 18 months and examiner-observed ADHD-like traits at 24 months were associated with increased self-regulation challenges at 36 months, regardless of group. Adjusting for verbal abilities attenuated some of these differences and associations, suggesting that language may be an important mechanism undergirding early self-regulatory abilities.

Conclusion: Given possible links between preschool self-regulation and a range of critical functional outcomes, future studies may explore the efficacy of early interventions targeting impulsivity and regulatory behaviors in infants and toddlers at elevated likelihood for developing self-regulation challenges to potentially reduce the impact of these difficulties later in life.

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学龄前自闭症儿童的满足延迟和多动症问题。
目的儿童时期的自我调节能力预示着日后生活中的一系列挑战,因此尽早发现这方面的困难非常重要。自闭症儿童和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)儿童通常在自我调节方面存在困难,但人们对不同神经发育状况下自我调节能力的异同知之甚少:方法:我们使用延迟满足任务对 36 个月大的自闭症儿童(20 人)、有临床症状的多动症儿童(24 人)和无这些症状的对比儿童(130 人)进行了自我调节能力测试;同时还对自我调节能力的早期预测因素进行了评估:结果:与对比组相比,自闭症组和关注多动症组儿童在等待所需点心时遇到的困难更大。在最长的延迟试验(30 秒)中,有相当比例的自闭症儿童(50%)和多动症儿童(35%)过早地吃了点心,而对比组只有 16%的儿童过早地吃了点心。18个月时家长报告的基于性情的冲动和24个月时考官观察到的类似多动症的特征与36个月时自我调节挑战的增加有关,与组别无关。对语言能力进行调整后,这些差异和关联有所减弱,这表明语言可能是支撑早期自我调节能力的一个重要机制:鉴于学龄前自我调节能力与一系列重要功能结果之间可能存在的联系,未来的研究可能会探讨针对冲动性和调节行为的早期干预措施的有效性,这些干预措施针对的是极有可能发展成为自我调节挑战的婴幼儿,从而有可能减少这些困难对其日后生活的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
4.80%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: The Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (JCCAP) is the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association. It publishes original contributions on the following topics: (a) the development and evaluation of assessment and intervention techniques for use with clinical child and adolescent populations; (b) the development and maintenance of clinical child and adolescent problems; (c) cross-cultural and sociodemographic issues that have a clear bearing on clinical child and adolescent psychology in terms of theory, research, or practice; and (d) training and professional practice in clinical child and adolescent psychology, as well as child advocacy.
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