Emerging Trends: Neurofilament Biomarkers in Precision Neurology

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Neurochemical Research Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1007/s11064-024-04244-3
Priti Sharma, Aditi Giri, Prabhash Nath Tripathi
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Abstract

Neurofilaments are structural proteins found in the cytoplasm of neurons, particularly in axons, providing structural support and stability to the axon. They consist of multiple subunits, including NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L, which form long filaments along the axon’s length. Neurofilaments are crucial for maintaining the shape and integrity of neurons, promoting axonal transport, and regulating neuronal function. They are part of the intermediate filament (IF) family, which has approximately 70 tissue-specific genes. This diversity allows for a customizable cytoplasmic meshwork, adapting to the unique structural demands of different tissues and cell types. Neurofilament proteins show increased levels in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood after neuroaxonal damage, indicating injury regardless of the underlying etiology. Precise measurement and long-term monitoring of damage are necessary for determining prognosis, assessing disease activity, tracking therapeutic responses, and creating treatments. These investigations contribute to our understanding of the importance of proper NF composition in fundamental neuronal processes and have implications for neurological disorders associated with NF abnormalities along with its alteration in different animal and human models. Here in this review, we have highlighted various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Dementia, and paved the way to use neurofilament as a marker in managing neurological disorders.

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新趋势:精准神经学中的神经丝生物标记。
神经丝是神经元细胞质中的结构蛋白,尤其是在轴突中,为轴突提供结构支持和稳定性。它们由多个亚基组成,包括 NF-H、NF-M 和 NF-L,沿着轴突的长度形成长丝。神经丝对于维持神经元的形状和完整性、促进轴突运输和调节神经元功能至关重要。它们是中间丝(IF)家族的一部分,该家族有大约 70 个组织特异性基因。这种多样性使得细胞质网状结构可以定制,以适应不同组织和细胞类型的独特结构需求。神经轴受损后,脑脊液(CSF)和血液中的神经丝蛋白水平都会升高,这表明损伤与潜在病因无关。精确测量和长期监测损伤对于确定预后、评估疾病活动、跟踪治疗反应和创造治疗方法都是必要的。这些研究有助于我们了解适当的 NF 组成在神经元基本过程中的重要性,并对与 NF 异常及其在不同动物和人体模型中的改变有关的神经系统疾病产生影响。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿氏症、痴呆症等各种神经系统疾病,并为使用神经丝作为神经系统疾病的标记物铺平了道路。
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来源期刊
Neurochemical Research
Neurochemical Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.30%
发文量
320
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Neurochemical Research is devoted to the rapid publication of studies that use neurochemical methodology in research on nervous system structure and function. The journal publishes original reports of experimental and clinical research results, perceptive reviews of significant problem areas in the neurosciences, brief comments of a methodological or interpretive nature, and research summaries conducted by leading scientists whose works are not readily available in English.
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