Management and prognosis of iatrogenic perforations of the cervical oesophagus and hypopharynx.

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to identify factors affecting the management and prognosis of iatrogenic cervical oesophageal and hypopharyngeal perforations (iCEHPs).

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 24 patients treated for iCEHP between 2004 and 2021 at a tertiary university medical centre. Data on demographics, clinical features, imaging, management and outcomes were collected. Factors associated with primary management and patient outcome were assessed.

Results: The most common management approach was surgical neck exploration (15 patients, 62.5%). Surgical management was used in 93% of uncontained perforations compared to 11% of contained perforations (p < 0.001). Surgically-treated patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) than conservatively-treated patients (median, 18.3 vs 4.8 mg/dL; p = 0.001). Delayed diagnosis (≥ 24 hours) was associated with increased mortality (100 vs 5%; p = 0.011). The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients who had a history of neck irradiation than in patients who did not (67 vs 5%; p = 0.032).

Conclusions: Early diagnosis of iCEHP improves outcomes. The appropriate management should be carefully selected on the basis of CRP level and imaging findings. Prior neck radiation is a poor prognostic factor.