Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses.

IF 3.8 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1042/BST20231304
Cyril J Haller, Julia Acker, A Emilia Arguello, Alexander Borodavka
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Abstract

Understanding of the physicochemical properties and functions of biomolecular condensates has rapidly advanced over the past decade. More recently, many RNA viruses have been shown to form cytoplasmic replication factories, or viroplasms, via phase separation of their components, akin to numerous cellular membraneless organelles. Notably, diverse viruses from the Reoviridae family containing 10-12 segmented double-stranded RNA genomes induce the formation of viroplasms in infected cells. Little is known about the inner workings of these membraneless cytoplasmic inclusions and how they may support stoichiometric RNA assembly in viruses with segmented RNA genomes, raising questions about the roles of phase separation in coordinating viral genome packaging. Here, we discuss how the molecular composition of viroplasms determines their properties, highlighting the interplay between RNA structure, RNA remodelling, and condensate self-organisation. Advancements in RNA structural probing and theoretical modelling of condensates can reveal the mechanisms through which these ribonucleoprotein complexes support the selective enrichment and stoichiometric assembly of distinct viral RNAs.

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相分离和病毒工厂:揭示支持 dsRNA 病毒中 RNA 包装的物理过程。
在过去的十年中,人们对生物分子凝聚体的理化性质和功能的认识有了飞速的发展。最近的研究表明,许多 RNA 病毒通过其成分的相分离形成细胞质复制工厂或病毒体,类似于许多细胞膜无细胞器。值得注意的是,Reoviridae 家族的多种病毒含有 10-12 段双链 RNA 基因组,能诱导受感染细胞形成病毒浆。人们对这些无膜细胞质包涵体的内部运作以及它们如何支持具有分段 RNA 基因组的病毒中的 RNA 按比例组装知之甚少,这就提出了关于相分离在协调病毒基因组包装中的作用的问题。在这里,我们将讨论病毒增殖体的分子组成如何决定它们的特性,突出 RNA 结构、RNA 重塑和凝聚体自组织之间的相互作用。RNA 结构探测和凝集物理论建模的进步可以揭示这些核糖核蛋白复合物支持不同病毒 RNA 选择性富集和按比例组装的机制。
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来源期刊
Biochemical Society transactions
Biochemical Society transactions 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
351
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Biochemical Society Transactions is the reviews journal of the Biochemical Society. Publishing concise reviews written by experts in the field, providing a timely snapshot of the latest developments across all areas of the molecular and cellular biosciences. Elevating our authors’ ideas and expertise, each review includes a perspectives section where authors offer comment on the latest advances, a glimpse of future challenges and highlighting the importance of associated research areas in far broader contexts.
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