Immune response in vaccinated healthcare workers with frequent COVID-19 infections is characterised by blunted IFNγ and IL-2 responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Clinical immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2024.110371

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Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite widespread vaccination, some HCWs develop frequent symptomatic infection. We hypothesised that HCWs with frequent symptomatic COVID-19 have impaired T and B cell mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Vaccinated HCWs with no prior COVID infection (n = 9), asymptomatic recent infection (n = 10), and frequent recent infection (n = 15) were recruited from a longitudinal HCW cohort study. Whole blood stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan, B.1.617, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, BQ.1.1) was performed, with IFNγ and IL-2 responses, total IgG produced, and anti-Spike antibody neutralising capacity measured.

Frequent infections had similar IFNγ and IL-2 responses to the never infected group, with significantly higher responses in the asymptomatic group. The frequent cohort had higher IgG responses to Delta and BA.4/5 and higher neutralising capacity against Omicron variants. An immune signature of blunted IL-2 and IFNγ in frequent infections may identify HCWs at increased risk of further infection.

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频繁感染 COVID-19 的接种过疫苗的医护人员对 SARS-CoV-2 变体的免疫反应特点是 IFNγ 和 IL-2 反应减弱。

医护人员（HCWs）感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险增加。尽管广泛接种了疫苗，但一些医护人员仍经常出现无症状感染。我们假设，频繁出现 COVID-19 症状的医护人员的 T 细胞和 B 细胞介导的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫力受损。我们从一项纵向HCW队列研究中招募了既往未感染COVID（9人）、近期无症状感染（10人）和近期频繁感染（15人）的已接种疫苗的HCW。用 SARS-CoV-2 变体（武汉、B.1.617、BA.2、BA.2.75、BA.4/5、XBB.1.5、BQ.1.1）进行全血刺激，测量 IFNγ 和 IL-2 反应、产生的总 IgG 和抗史派克抗体中和能力。频繁感染组的 IFNγ 和 IL-2 反应与从未感染组相似，而无症状组的反应明显更高。频繁感染组对Delta和BA.4/5的IgG反应较高，对Omicron变体的中和能力也较高。在频繁感染的人群中，IL-2和IFNγ反应减弱的免疫特征可能会识别出进一步感染风险增加的高危工人。

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来源期刊

Clinical immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

1.20%

发文量

212

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Immunology publishes original research delving into the molecular and cellular foundations of immunological diseases. Additionally, the journal includes reviews covering timely subjects in basic immunology, along with case reports and letters to the editor.