{"title":"Cerebral Microcirculation: Progress and Outlook of Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Neurosurgery and Neurointensive Care.","authors":"Karin Wårdell, Johan Richter, Peter Zsigmond","doi":"10.1111/micc.12884","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a well-established technique for the investigation of tissue microcirculation. Compared to skin, the use in the human brain is sparse. The measurement of cerebral microcirculation in neurointensive care and during neurosurgery is challenging and requires adaptation to the respective clinical setting. The aim of the review is to present state of the art and progress in neurosurgery and neurointensive care where LDF has proven useful and can find clinical importance in the investigation of cerebral microcirculation. The literature in the field is summarized and recent technical improvements regarding LDF systems and fiber optical probe designs for neurosurgical and neurocritical care described. By combining two signals from the LDF unit, the measurement of the microcirculation (Perfusion) and gray whiteness (TLI) of the brain tissue, the full potential of the device is achieved. For example, a forward-looking LDF-probe detects high-risk hemorrhage areas and gray-white matter boundaries along intraoperative trajectories during stereotactic neurosurgery. Proof of principles are given for LDF as a guidance tool in deep brain stimulation implantation, brain tumor needle biopsies, and as long-term monitoring device in neurocritical care. With well-designed fiber optical probes, surgical fixation, and signal processing for movement reduction, LDF monitoring of the cerebral microcirculation is successful up to 10 days. The use of LDF can be combined with other physiological measurement techniques, for example, fluorescence spectroscopy for identification of glioblastoma during tumor surgery. Fiber optics can also be used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the many advantages, fiber optical LDF has not yet reached its full potential in clinical neuro-applications. Multicenter studies are required to further evaluate LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care. In conclusion, the present status of LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care has been reviewed. By combining Perfusion and TLI with tailored probe designs the full potential of LDF can be achived in measuring cerebral microcirculation. This includes guidance during DBS implantation and needle biopsies, and long-term monitoring in neurocritical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18459,"journal":{"name":"Microcirculation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microcirculation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12884","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/9/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a well-established technique for the investigation of tissue microcirculation. Compared to skin, the use in the human brain is sparse. The measurement of cerebral microcirculation in neurointensive care and during neurosurgery is challenging and requires adaptation to the respective clinical setting. The aim of the review is to present state of the art and progress in neurosurgery and neurointensive care where LDF has proven useful and can find clinical importance in the investigation of cerebral microcirculation. The literature in the field is summarized and recent technical improvements regarding LDF systems and fiber optical probe designs for neurosurgical and neurocritical care described. By combining two signals from the LDF unit, the measurement of the microcirculation (Perfusion) and gray whiteness (TLI) of the brain tissue, the full potential of the device is achieved. For example, a forward-looking LDF-probe detects high-risk hemorrhage areas and gray-white matter boundaries along intraoperative trajectories during stereotactic neurosurgery. Proof of principles are given for LDF as a guidance tool in deep brain stimulation implantation, brain tumor needle biopsies, and as long-term monitoring device in neurocritical care. With well-designed fiber optical probes, surgical fixation, and signal processing for movement reduction, LDF monitoring of the cerebral microcirculation is successful up to 10 days. The use of LDF can be combined with other physiological measurement techniques, for example, fluorescence spectroscopy for identification of glioblastoma during tumor surgery. Fiber optics can also be used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the many advantages, fiber optical LDF has not yet reached its full potential in clinical neuro-applications. Multicenter studies are required to further evaluate LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care. In conclusion, the present status of LDF in neurosurgery and neurointensive care has been reviewed. By combining Perfusion and TLI with tailored probe designs the full potential of LDF can be achived in measuring cerebral microcirculation. This includes guidance during DBS implantation and needle biopsies, and long-term monitoring in neurocritical care.
期刊介绍:
The journal features original contributions that are the result of investigations contributing significant new information relating to the vascular and lymphatic microcirculation addressed at the intact animal, organ, cellular, or molecular level. Papers describe applications of the methods of physiology, biophysics, bioengineering, genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to problems in microcirculation.
Microcirculation also publishes state-of-the-art reviews that address frontier areas or new advances in technology in the fields of microcirculatory disease and function. Specific areas of interest include: Angiogenesis, growth and remodeling; Transport and exchange of gasses and solutes; Rheology and biorheology; Endothelial cell biology and metabolism; Interactions between endothelium, smooth muscle, parenchymal cells, leukocytes and platelets; Regulation of vasomotor tone; and Microvascular structures, imaging and morphometry. Papers also describe innovations in experimental techniques and instrumentation for studying all aspects of microcirculatory structure and function.