Investigating the dynamic link between globalization and carbon emissions in BRICS nations: Insights from a non-parametric perspective

Abstract

This paper examines the changing relationship between globalization and carbon emissions in the BRICS countries, using data from 1990 to 2021. We show that the effect of globalization on CO2 emissions is not static but varies over time. This is mainly attributable to the different dimensions of globalization. The influence of economic globalization has transitioned from positive to negative. In contrast, both social and political globalization shifted from being neutral and positive, respectively, to having adverse impacts. These findings underscore crucial policy implications, emphasizing the need for strategies that harness the potential of economic globalization while mitigating the adverse effects of social and political globalization. Policymakers are encouraged to advocate for green technologies and energy-efficient practices, and to tackle social and political factors that contribute to the surge in emissions. This promotes a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability.