Improving working memory by electrical stimulation and cross-frequency coupling.

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Molecular Brain Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1186/s13041-024-01142-1
Wiam Al Qasem, Mohammed Abubaker, Kateřina Pilátová, Petr Ježdík, Eugen Kvašňák
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Abstract

Working memory (WM) is essential for the temporary storage and processing of information required for complex cognitive tasks and relies on neuronal theta and gamma oscillations. Given the limited capacity of WM, researchers have investigated various methods to improve it, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which modulates brain activity at specific frequencies. One particularly promising approach is theta-gamma peak-coupled-tACS (TGCp-tACS), which simulates the natural interaction between theta and gamma oscillations that occurs during cognitive control in the brain. The aim of this study was to improve WM in healthy young adults with TGCp-tACS, focusing on both behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. Thirty-one participants completed five WM tasks under both sham and verum stimulation conditions. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings before and after stimulation showed that TGCp-tACS increased power spectral density (PSD) in the high-gamma region at the stimulation site, while PSD decreased in the theta and delta regions throughout the cortex. From a behavioral perspective, although no significant changes were observed in most tasks, there was a significant improvement in accuracy in the 14-item Sternberg task, indicating an improvement in phonological WM. In conclusion, TGCp-tACS has the potential to promote and improve the phonological component of WM. To fully realize the cognitive benefits, further research is needed to refine the stimulation parameters and account for individual differences, such as baseline cognitive status and hormonal factors.

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通过电刺激和跨频耦合改善工作记忆
工作记忆(WM)对于临时存储和处理复杂认知任务所需的信息至关重要,它依赖于神经元的θ和γ振荡。鉴于工作记忆的容量有限,研究人员已经研究了各种方法来改善工作记忆,其中包括经颅交变电流刺激(tACS),它可以调节特定频率的大脑活动。θ-γ峰值耦合经颅交流电刺激(TGCp-tACS)是一种特别有前途的方法,它模拟了大脑在认知控制过程中θ和γ振荡之间的自然交互作用。本研究旨在通过 TGCp-tACS 改善健康年轻人的 WM,重点关注行为和神经生理学结果。31 名参与者在假刺激和真刺激条件下完成了五项 WM 任务。刺激前后的脑电图(EEG)记录显示,TGCp-tACS 增加了刺激部位高伽马区的功率谱密度(PSD),同时降低了整个皮层的θ和δ区的功率谱密度。从行为角度来看,虽然在大多数任务中没有观察到明显的变化,但在 14 项 Sternberg 任务中准确率有了显著提高,这表明语音 WM 有了改善。总之,TGCp-tACS 具有促进和改善 WM 中语音部分的潜力。要充分实现认知方面的益处,还需要进一步的研究来完善刺激参数并考虑个体差异,如基线认知状态和荷尔蒙因素。
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来源期刊
Molecular Brain
Molecular Brain NEUROSCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
97
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Molecular Brain is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of studies on the nervous system at the molecular, cellular, and systems level providing a forum for scientists to communicate their findings. Molecular brain research is a rapidly expanding research field in which integrative approaches at the genetic, molecular, cellular and synaptic levels yield key information about the physiological and pathological brain. These studies involve the use of a wide range of modern techniques in molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, imaging and electrophysiology.
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