Choice of alcohol over a natural reward: an experimental study in light and heavy social drinkers.

IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s00213-024-06679-6
Hanna Karlsson, Sarah Mcntyre, Sarah Gustavson, David Andersson, Ilona Szczot, Markus Heilig, Irene Perini
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Abstract

Rationale & objectives: A core symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a progressively increased choice of alcohol over alternative rewards despite negative consequences. Here, we investigated choice between personalized alcohol vs. natural rewards in a laboratory setting, and compared this behavior between non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers and light social drinkers.

Methods: 30 light social drinkers (15 men drinking < 15 drinks/week and 15 women drinking < 10 drinks/week) and 30 heavy, non-treatment-seeking drinkers (drinking more than these levels; 15 women). In the Concurrent Choice Alcohol Food (CCAF) task, participants chose between individually tailored images of alcohol and snack rewards and collected points towards the respective reward. To assess cost sensitivity, points associated to the images varied so that they favored alcohol or snack, or were equal, creating three relative point levels.

Results: Choice preference for alcohol was strongly correlated with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, supporting the external validity of the choice procedure. Compared to light drinkers, heavy drinkers showed increased choice preference for alcohol, as indicated by a between-group difference in points of subjective equality, a metric that quantifies the relative point level at which alcohol and snacks were equally likely to be chosen. In both groups, choice preference strongly depended on the relative point level of alcohol compared to snacks, suggesting that responding for alcohol in heavy drinkers was sensitive to costs.

Conclusions: Our results replicate previous findings of a relationship between self-reported alcohol use and choice preference for alcohol. We also found that choice behavior was strongly dependent on relative cost of alcohol in both groups, although price sensitivity was lower in heavy compared to light drinkers. An increased choice preference for alcohol in heavy drinkers suggests that they attribute a higher relative reinforcing value to alcohol compared to natural rewards.

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选择酒精而非自然奖赏:对轻度和重度社交饮酒者的实验研究。
理由和目标:酒精使用障碍(AUD)的一个核心症状是,尽管会产生负面后果,但相对于其他奖励,人们对酒精的选择会逐渐增加。在此,我们在实验室环境中对个性化酒精与自然奖励之间的选择进行了调查,并对不寻求治疗的重度饮酒者与轻度社交饮酒者之间的这一行为进行了比较:对酒精的选择偏好与酒精使用障碍鉴定测试(AUDIT)得分密切相关,这支持了选择程序的外部有效性。与轻度饮酒者相比,重度饮酒者对酒精的选择偏好增加了,这表现在主观平等点的组间差异上,该指标量化了酒精和零食被选择的相对点水平。在这两组中,选择偏好在很大程度上取决于酒精与零食的相对点数水平,这表明酗酒者对酒精的反应对成本很敏感:我们的研究结果与之前的研究结果一致,即自我报告的饮酒量与酒精选择偏好之间存在关系。我们还发现,两组饮酒者的选择行为都与酒精的相对成本密切相关,尽管重度饮酒者对价格的敏感性低于轻度饮酒者。大量饮酒者对酒精的选择偏好增加表明,与自然奖赏相比,他们认为酒精具有更高的相对强化价值。
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来源期刊
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
257
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Official Journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS) Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields: Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects. Preclinical psychopharmacology: Behavioral and Neural This section considers reports on the effects of compounds with defined chemical structures on any aspect of behavior, in particular when correlated with neurochemical effects, in species other than humans. Manuscripts containing neuroscientific techniques in combination with behavior are welcome. We encourage reports of studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action, at the behavioral and molecular levels. Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Translational This section considers manuscripts that enhance the confidence in a central mechanism that could be of therapeutic value for psychiatric or neurological patients, using disease-relevant preclinical models and tests, or that report on preclinical manipulations and challenges that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. Studies aiming at the refinement of preclinical models based upon clinical findings (back-translation) will also be considered. The journal particularly encourages submissions that integrate measures of target tissue exposure, activity on the molecular target and/or modulation of the targeted biochemical pathways. Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Molecular, Genetic and Epigenetic This section focuses on the molecular and cellular actions of neuropharmacological agents / drugs, and the identification / validation of drug targets affecting the CNS in health and disease. We particularly encourage studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. Manuscripts containing evidence for genetic or epigenetic effects on neurochemistry or behavior are welcome.
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