Population genomics analyses reveal the role of hybridization in the rapid invasion of fall armyworm.

Xuan Wang, Zhenyong Du, Yuange Duan, Shanlin Liu, Jie Liu, Bingyan Li, Ling Ma, Yunfei Wu, Li Tian, Fan Song, Wanzhi Cai, Hu Li
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Abstract

Introduction: Invasive species pose a major threat to global biodiversity and agricultural productivity, yet the genomic mechanisms driving their rapid expansion into new habitats are not fully understood. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, originally from the Americas, has expanded its reach across the Old World, causing substantial reduction in crop yield. Although the hybridization between two genetically distinct strains has been well-documented, the role of such hybridization in enhancing the species' invasive capabilities remains largely unexplored.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the contributions of hybridization and natural selection to the rapid invasion of the fall armyworm.

Methods: We analyzed the whole-genome resequencing data from 432 individuals spanning its global distribution. We identified the genomic signatures of selection associated with invasion and explored their linkage with the Tpi gene indicating strain differentiation. Furthermore, we detected signatures of balancing selection in native populations for candidate genes that underwent selective sweeps during the invasion process.

Results: Our analysis revealed pronounced genomic differentiation between native and invasive populations. Invasive populations displayed a uniform genomic structure distinctly different from that of native populations, indicating hybridization between the strains during invasion. This hybridization likely contributes to maintaining high genetic diversity in invasive regions, which is crucial for survival and adaptation. Additionally, polymorphisms on genes under selection during invasion were possibly preserved through balancing selection in their native environments.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal the genomic basis of the fall armyworm's successful invasion and rapid adaptation to new environments, highlighting the important role of hybridization in the dynamics of invasive species.

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种群基因组学分析揭示了杂交在秋绵虫快速入侵中的作用。
导言:入侵物种对全球生物多样性和农业生产力构成了重大威胁,但人们对其迅速扩展到新栖息地的基因组机制还不完全了解。原产于美洲的秋虫(Spodoptera frugiperda)已将其势力范围扩展到整个旧大陆,导致农作物大幅减产。尽管两个基因不同的品系之间的杂交已被充分记录,但这种杂交在增强该物种入侵能力方面的作用在很大程度上仍未被探索:本研究旨在调查杂交和自然选择对秋季军虫快速入侵的贡献:方法:我们分析了分布于全球的 432 个个体的全基因组重测序数据。我们确定了与入侵相关的选择基因组特征,并探讨了它们与表明虫株分化的 Tpi 基因之间的联系。此外,我们还检测了入侵过程中经过选择性筛选的候选基因在本地种群中的平衡选择特征:结果:我们的分析表明,原生种群和入侵种群之间存在明显的基因组分化。入侵种群显示出与本地种群截然不同的统一基因组结构,这表明入侵过程中菌株之间发生了杂交。这种杂交可能有助于在入侵区域保持较高的遗传多样性,这对生存和适应至关重要。此外,在入侵过程中受到选择的基因上的多态性也可能通过在原生环境中的平衡选择而得以保留:我们的研究结果揭示了秋刺吸虫成功入侵并迅速适应新环境的基因组基础,凸显了杂交在入侵物种动态中的重要作用。
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