Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Clinical & Translational Immunology Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1002/cti2.70008
Zheng Quan Toh, Jeremy Anderson, Nadia Mazarakis, Leanne Quah, Jill Nguyen, Rachel A Higgins, Lien Anh Ha Do, Yan Yung Ng, Sedi Jalali, Melanie R Neeland, Alissa McMinn, Richard Saffery, Sarah McNab, Jodie McVernon, Adrian Marcato, David P Burgner, Nigel Curtis, Andrew C Steer, Kim Mulholland, Daniel G Pellicci, Nigel W Crawford, Shidan Tosif, Paul V Licciardi
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Abstract

Objectives

The immune response in children elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID-19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Methods

Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID-19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.

Results

A total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike-specific polyfunctional CD8 T-cell responses.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections.

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接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的儿童在感染 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 后的体液和细胞免疫反应。
目的:人们对儿童单独感染 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 或与 COVID-19 疫苗接种(混合免疫)联合后引起的免疫反应知之甚少。我们研究了未接种 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 疫苗的儿童和曾接种 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗的儿童感染 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 后的体液和细胞免疫反应:在澳大利亚维多利亚州的 Omicron 流行期(2022 年 1 月至 7 月)进行的家庭队列研究中招募了参与者。在确诊 COVID-19 后的 1、3、6 和 12 个月采集血样。评估了对来自武汉、Omicron BA.1、BA.4/5 和 JN.1 的 SARS-CoV-2 Spike 蛋白的体液免疫反应,以及对武汉和 BA.1 的细胞免疫反应:共有 43 名儿童和 113 份样本参与了分析。感染奥米克龙病毒后,未接种疫苗的儿童产生的抗体反应较低,但引起了斯派克特异性 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应。相比之下,接种了奥米克龙变体疫苗的儿童对祖先菌株和奥米克龙亚变体都产生了强大的体液和细胞免疫反应。混合免疫在感染后至少持续 6 个月,细胞免疫记忆的特点是产生尖峰特异性多功能 CD8 T 细胞反应:结论:儿童SARS-CoV-2混合免疫的特点是持续存在SARS-CoV-2抗体以及强大的CD4和CD8 T细胞活化和多功能反应。我们的研究结果有助于理解儿童的混合免疫,并可能对 COVID-19 疫苗接种和 SARS-CoV-2 再感染产生影响。
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来源期刊
Clinical & Translational Immunology
Clinical & Translational Immunology Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
1.70%
发文量
77
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical & Translational Immunology is an open access, fully peer-reviewed journal devoted to publishing cutting-edge advances in biomedical research for scientists and physicians. The Journal covers fields including cancer biology, cardiovascular research, gene therapy, immunology, vaccine development and disease pathogenesis and therapy at the earliest phases of investigation.
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