From wastewater to feed: Understanding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances occurrence in wastewater-irrigated crops.

IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of environmental quality Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1002/jeq2.20630
Kelly Kosiarski, Charles Zeke Usner, Heather E Preisendanz
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Abstract

Reusing treated wastewater for irrigation is a sustainable way to recycle nutrients and reduce freshwater use. However, wastewater irrigation inadvertently introduces per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into agroecosystems, causing concerns regarding potential adverse effects to ecosystem, animal, and human health. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathways by which PFAS accumulate in forage crops is needed. A greenhouse study was conducted to (1) quantify the contribution of root uptake versus foliar sorption of PFAS in corn (Zea mays) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), (2) assess effects of PFAS-impacted wastewater irrigation on plant health, and (3) determine the potential implications for bioaccumulation. The greenhouse study was composed of four treatments for each forage crop to isolate the relative contribution of two uptake pathways. Results suggested that foliar sorption was an unlikely contributor to PFAS concentrations observed in crop tissue. Root uptake was identified as the predominant uptake pathway. PFAS were detected more frequently in orchard grass samples compared to corn silage samples. Additionally, corn exhibited a lower uptake of long-chain PFAS compared to grass. Overall, no plant health effects on growth attributable to PFAS concentrations were observed. Forage data suggest cattle exposure to PFAS would be largely short-chain PFAS or long-chain "replacement" compounds (>50%). However, cattle may still be exposed to potentially harmful long-chain PFAS; levels in the forage crops exceeded the tolerable weekly intake set by the European Food Safety Authority. This study provides insights on PFAS entry into the food chain and potential implications for livestock and human health.

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从废水到饲料:了解废水灌溉作物中出现的全氟和多氟烷基物质。
将处理过的废水回用于灌溉是一种可持续的养分循环方式,可减少淡水用量。然而,废水灌溉会无意中将全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)引入农业生态系统,从而引起人们对生态系统、动物和人类健康潜在不利影响的担忧。因此,需要更好地了解 PFAS 在饲料作物中积累的途径。我们进行了一项温室研究,目的是:(1) 量化玉米(Zea mays)和果园牧草(Dactylis glomerata)根部吸收与叶面吸附对全氟辛烷磺酸的贡献;(2) 评估受全氟辛烷磺酸影响的废水灌溉对植物健康的影响;(3) 确定生物累积的潜在影响。温室研究对每种饲料作物进行了四种处理,以分离两种吸收途径的相对贡献。结果表明,叶面吸附不太可能导致作物组织中出现 PFAS 浓度。根部吸收被认为是最主要的吸收途径。与玉米青贮样本相比,果园牧草样本中检测到 PFAS 的频率更高。此外,与草相比,玉米对长链 PFAS 的吸收率较低。总体而言,未观察到 PFAS 浓度对植物生长健康的影响。牧草数据表明,牛接触到的 PFAS 主要是短链 PFAS 或长链 "替代 "化合物(>50%)。不过,牛仍可能接触到潜在有害的长链 PFAS;饲草作物中的 PFAS 含量超过了欧洲食品安全局规定的每周可容忍摄入量。这项研究有助于深入了解全氟辛烷磺酸进入食物链的情况以及对牲畜和人类健康的潜在影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of environmental quality
Journal of environmental quality 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
123
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring. Contributions are accepted from all disciplines for consideration by the editorial board. Manuscripts may be volunteered, invited, or coordinated as a special section or symposium.
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