The impact of exosomes on bone health: A focus on osteoporosis

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Pathology, research and practice Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155618

Amir Mehrvar , Mohammadarian Akbari , Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi , Mehrandokht Nekavand , Khatere Mokhtari , Mojtaba Baniasadi , Majid Aghababaian , Mansour Karimi , Shayan Amiri , Alireza Moazen , Mazaher Maghsoudloo , Mina Alimohammadi , Payman Rahimzadeh , Najma Farahani , Mohammad Eslami Vaghar , Maliheh Entezari , Mehrdad Hashemi

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a widespread chronic condition. Although standard treatments are generally effective, they are frequently constrained by side effects and the risk of developing drug resistance. A promising area of research is the investigation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, which play a crucial role in bone metabolism. Exosomes, in particular, have shown significant potential in both the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. EVs derived from osteoclasts, osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and other sources can influence bone metabolism, while exosomes from inflammatory and tumor cells may exacerbate bone loss, highlighting their dual role in osteoporosis pathology. This review offers a comprehensive overview of EV biogenesis, composition, and function in osteoporosis, focusing on their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. We examine the roles of various types of EVs and their cargo—proteins, RNAs, and lipids—in bone metabolism. Additionally, we explore the emerging applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, emphasizing the need for further research to address current challenges and enhance EV-based strategies for managing osteoporosis.

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外泌体对骨骼健康的影响：关注骨质疏松症。

骨质疏松症是一种普遍存在的慢性疾病。虽然标准疗法普遍有效，但经常受到副作用和产生耐药性风险的限制。细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体、微囊泡和凋亡体，在骨代谢中发挥着至关重要的作用。外泌体尤其在骨质疏松症的诊断和治疗中显示出巨大的潜力。来自破骨细胞、成骨细胞、间充质干细胞和其他来源的外泌体可影响骨代谢，而来自炎症细胞和肿瘤细胞的外泌体则可能加剧骨质流失，这凸显了它们在骨质疏松症病理学中的双重作用。本综述全面概述了外泌体在骨质疏松症中的生物发生、组成和功能，重点关注其诊断和治疗潜力。我们研究了各种类型的 EV 及其载体（蛋白质、RNA 和脂质）在骨代谢中的作用。此外，我们还探讨了 EVs 作为生物标记物和治疗剂的新兴应用，强调了进一步研究的必要性，以应对当前的挑战并加强基于 EV 的骨质疏松症管理策略。

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来源期刊

Pathology, research and practice 医学-病理学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

405

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： Pathology, Research and Practice provides accessible coverage of the most recent developments across the entire field of pathology: Reviews focus on recent progress in pathology, while Comments look at interesting current problems and at hypotheses for future developments in pathology. Original Papers present novel findings on all aspects of general, anatomic and molecular pathology. Rapid Communications inform readers on preliminary findings that may be relevant for further studies and need to be communicated quickly. Teaching Cases look at new aspects or special diagnostic problems of diseases and at case reports relevant for the pathologist''s practice.